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Biomechanics Exam 1 > Subtalar Joint > Flashcards

Subtalar Joint Flashcards

1
Q

the subtalar joint is aka

A

talocalcaneal joint

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2
Q

what type of joint is the subtalar joint

A

uniaxial

triplanar

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3
Q

what type of motion does the subtalar joint provide

A

supination and pronation

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4
Q

the subtalar joint consists of how many articulations

A

3

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5
Q

what does the posterior subtalar joint include

A

a concave talar facet

a convex calcaneal facet

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6
Q

what motion does the posterior subtalar joint provide

A

gliding motion

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7
Q

the anterior subtalar joint includes

A
  • the middle and anterior convex talar
  • concave calcaneal facets
  • talonavicular articulations
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8
Q

what type of motion does the anterior subtalar joint provide

A

gliding and some rotation

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9
Q

what direction does the sinus tarsi run

A

runs FROM slightly anterior to fibular malleolus laterally TO just below the tibial malleolus medially (just superior to the sustentaculum tali )

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10
Q

ligaments running the entire length of the sinus tarsi help make the subtalar joint

A

very stable and very unlikely to dislocate

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11
Q

spiral of archimedes is a combination of what

A

a screw and a cone

often used to describe the subtalar joint

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12
Q

the right subtalar joint acts like a —handed screw and the left does —

A

right

the opposite

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13
Q

when the talus moves on the posterior calcaneal facet, the talus should

A

slide in the same direction as the gliding motion

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14
Q

the talus will slide in the — direction on the middle and anterior facets

A

opposite

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15
Q

as pronation motion occurs the talus advances — on the calcaneus

A

anteriorly

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16
Q

the subtalar joint axis is located:

  • – from the transverse plane
  • – from the frontal plane
  • – from the sagittal plane
A

42
48
16-23

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17
Q

subtalar joint axis is located

A

-FROM lateral, posterior, plantar TO medial, anterior and dorsal.
passing though the dorsomedial aspect of the talus

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18
Q

the transverse plane motion will occur to a — ratio with the amount of frontal plane motion

A

1:1

called a mitered hinge

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19
Q

OKC pronation

A

the talus and leg may remain stationary
pronation of the subtalar joint moves the calcaneus and the foot in an abducted and everted direction (the foot moves w/ the subtalar joint)

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20
Q

OKC supination

A

the talus and leg may remain stationary
supination of the subtalar joint moves the calcaneus and the foot in an adducted and inverted direction (the foot moves with the subtalar joint)

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21
Q

CKC - the plantar aspect of the foot is fixed to the ground resulting in motion

A

superior to the subtalar joint

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22
Q

CKC - the movement of the calcaneus provides – plane motion

A

frontal

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23
Q

CKC - movement of the talus will provide the – plane motion

A

transverse

slight sagittal

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24
Q

CKC pronation

A

eversion of the calcaneus

plantarflexion and adduction of the talus

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25
Q

in order for the talus to provide motion in the transverse plane, the leg must

A

internally rotate (CKC)

26
Q

CKC supination

A

calcaneus inverts
talus abducts and dorsiflexes
leg externally rotates

27
Q

NOTE

A

in CKC motion virtually all of the “chain” proximal to the part will also be affected (until the other fixed end of the chain is reached)

28
Q

during gait the subtalar joint provides the required — plane motion

A

transverse

the ankle provides no transverse plane motion

29
Q

the subtalar joint and ankle joint work together to dampen the amount of

A

transverse plane motion required by the leg

30
Q

as we move further up the kinetic chain, the screw home mechanism and transverse plane knee function further dampen

A

the transverse plane motion required by the thigh/hip

31
Q

subtalar joint neutral position

A

Point in range of motion where the joint is most congruous
Point in range of motion where compression forces are maximized and torsional forces are minimized
Closed-packed position

32
Q

subtlar joint neutral position (specific definition)

A

A point where the subtalar joint is neither pronated or supinated.
In the theoretically normal foot, the subtalar joint neutral position is 0.

33
Q

subtalar varus

A

is a deformity in which the calcaneus is inverted with respect to the leg when the subtalar joint is in neutral position

34
Q

if the subtalar joint has a varus deformity, the calcaneus will be x # of degrees – to the leg when the subtalar joint is in neutral position

A

inverted

NOT a “supinated” subtalar joint, but an inverted subtalar joint

35
Q

subtalar valgus

A

is a deformity in which the calcaneus is everted with respect to the leg when the subtalar joint is in neutral position

36
Q

if the subtalar joint has a valgus defortiy, the calcaneus will be x # of degrees — to the leg

A

everted
very rare
NOT a “pronated” foot

37
Q

minimum ROM of the subtalar joint required for normal gait

A

4-6 ° supination
4-6 ° pronation
Total of 8-12 ° motion for normal gait

38
Q

the ROM of the subtalar joint is observed in what plane

A

frontal plane

39
Q

how can you measure the ROM of the subtalar joint

A

compare the posterior calcaneal bisection to a bisection of the posterior surface of the lower 1/3 of the leg

40
Q

The ratio of inversion:eversion (supination:pronation) motion of the subtalar joint is

A

2:1

41
Q

what would happen if the subtalar joint axial inclination is less than 42° (less than 42° from the transverse plane)

A

would be more frontal plane motion and less transverse plane motion

42
Q

frontal plane dominant subtalar joint axis results in

A

more calcaneal motion and less talar and leg motion
low-arched, increased foot pathology
“low axis subtalar joint”

43
Q

if the axial inclination angle is increased (axis has greater than normal deviation from the transverse plane)

A

the foot will demonstrate greater transverse plane motion

44
Q

transverse plane dominant subtalar joint axis

A

More talar and tibial motion
Less inversion and eversion of the calcaneus
Higher arched, fewer foot problems, more postural problems (“High axis” subtalar joint or transverse plane dominant subtalar joint)

45
Q

how can you measure the ROM of the subtalar joint

A

compare the posterior calcaneal bisection to a bisection of the posterior surface of the lower 1/3 of the leg

46
Q

what would happen if the subtalar joint axial inclination is less than 42° (less than 42° from the transverse plane)

A

would be more frontal plane motion and less transverse plane motion

47
Q

frontal plane dominant subtalar joint axis results in

A

more calcaneal motion and less talar and leg motion
low-arched, increased foot pathology
“low axis subtalar joint”

48
Q

if the axial inclination angle is increased (axis has greater than normal deviation from the transverse plane)

A

the foot will demonstrate greater transverse plane motion

49
Q

if the talus is moving, the — is moving

A

ankle

50
Q

when the talus moves in CKC motion with the heel on the ground, what joints are moving

A

ankle joint

subtalar joint

51
Q

the motion at the ankle joint occurs — to the motion of the subtalar joint

A

opposite

52
Q

the ankle and subtalar joint togeter are referred to as

A

the rearfoot complex bc functionally dependent on each other

53
Q

in CKC subtalar joint motion, frontal plane motion occurs with

A

inversion and eversion of the calcaneus

54
Q

in CKC the subtalar joint motion, sagittal and transverse plane motion are provided by

A

the talus

55
Q

in CKC pronation of the subtalar joint the calcaneus — and the talus — and —

A

everts

plantarflexes + adducts

56
Q

in CKC pronation of the subtalar joint, pronation is occuring at what joint

A

subtalar joint

57
Q

in CKC pronation of the subtalar joint, supination is occurring the what joint

A

ankle joint as plantarflexion and adduction of the talus occurs relative to the ankle joint

58
Q

in CKC supination of the subtalar joint the calcaneus —, the talus — and —

A

inverts

abducts + dorsiflexed

59
Q

in CKC supination of the subtalar joint, the subtalar joint is

A

supinating

60
Q

in CKC supination of the subtalar joint, the talus is

A

dorsiflexing and abducting relative to the ankle, therefore the ankle joint is pronating

Biomechanics Exam 1 (12 decks)

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