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Biomechanics Exam 1 > Subtalar Joint > Flashcards

Subtalar Joint Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

the subtalar joint is aka

A

talocalcaneal joint

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2
Q

what type of joint is the subtalar joint

A

uniaxial

triplanar

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3
Q

what type of motion does the subtalar joint provide

A

supination and pronation

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4
Q

the subtalar joint consists of how many articulations

A

3

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5
Q

what does the posterior subtalar joint include

A

a concave talar facet

a convex calcaneal facet

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6
Q

what motion does the posterior subtalar joint provide

A

gliding motion

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7
Q

the anterior subtalar joint includes

A
  • the middle and anterior convex talar
  • concave calcaneal facets
  • talonavicular articulations
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8
Q

what type of motion does the anterior subtalar joint provide

A

gliding and some rotation

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9
Q

what direction does the sinus tarsi run

A

runs FROM slightly anterior to fibular malleolus laterally TO just below the tibial malleolus medially (just superior to the sustentaculum tali )

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10
Q

ligaments running the entire length of the sinus tarsi help make the subtalar joint

A

very stable and very unlikely to dislocate

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11
Q

spiral of archimedes is a combination of what

A

a screw and a cone

often used to describe the subtalar joint

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12
Q

the right subtalar joint acts like a —handed screw and the left does —

A

right

the opposite

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13
Q

when the talus moves on the posterior calcaneal facet, the talus should

A

slide in the same direction as the gliding motion

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14
Q

the talus will slide in the — direction on the middle and anterior facets

A

opposite

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15
Q

as pronation motion occurs the talus advances — on the calcaneus

A

anteriorly

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16
Q

the subtalar joint axis is located:

  • – from the transverse plane
  • – from the frontal plane
  • – from the sagittal plane
A

42
48
16-23

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17
Q

subtalar joint axis is located

A

-FROM lateral, posterior, plantar TO medial, anterior and dorsal.
passing though the dorsomedial aspect of the talus

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18
Q

the transverse plane motion will occur to a — ratio with the amount of frontal plane motion

A

1:1

called a mitered hinge

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19
Q

OKC pronation

A

the talus and leg may remain stationary
pronation of the subtalar joint moves the calcaneus and the foot in an abducted and everted direction (the foot moves w/ the subtalar joint)

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20
Q

OKC supination

A

the talus and leg may remain stationary
supination of the subtalar joint moves the calcaneus and the foot in an adducted and inverted direction (the foot moves with the subtalar joint)

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21
Q

CKC - the plantar aspect of the foot is fixed to the ground resulting in motion

A

superior to the subtalar joint

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22
Q

CKC - the movement of the calcaneus provides – plane motion

A

frontal

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23
Q

CKC - movement of the talus will provide the – plane motion

A

transverse

slight sagittal

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24
Q

CKC pronation

A

eversion of the calcaneus

plantarflexion and adduction of the talus

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25
in order for the talus to provide motion in the transverse plane, the leg must
internally rotate (CKC)
26
CKC supination
calcaneus inverts talus abducts and dorsiflexes leg externally rotates
27
NOTE
in CKC motion virtually all of the "chain" proximal to the part will also be affected (until the other fixed end of the chain is reached)
28
during gait the subtalar joint provides the required --- plane motion
transverse | the ankle provides no transverse plane motion
29
the subtalar joint and ankle joint work together to dampen the amount of
transverse plane motion required by the leg
30
as we move further up the kinetic chain, the screw home mechanism and transverse plane knee function further dampen
the transverse plane motion required by the thigh/hip
31
subtalar joint neutral position
Point in range of motion where the joint is most congruous Point in range of motion where compression forces are maximized and torsional forces are minimized Closed-packed position
32
subtlar joint neutral position (specific definition)
A point where the subtalar joint is neither pronated or supinated. In the theoretically normal foot, the subtalar joint neutral position is 0.
33
subtalar varus
is a deformity in which the calcaneus is inverted with respect to the leg when the subtalar joint is in neutral position
34
if the subtalar joint has a varus deformity, the calcaneus will be x # of degrees -- to the leg when the subtalar joint is in neutral position
inverted NOT a "supinated" subtalar joint, but an inverted subtalar joint
35
subtalar valgus
is a deformity in which the calcaneus is everted with respect to the leg when the subtalar joint is in neutral position
36
if the subtalar joint has a valgus defortiy, the calcaneus will be x # of degrees --- to the leg
everted very rare NOT a "pronated" foot
37
minimum ROM of the subtalar joint required for normal gait
4-6 ° supination 4-6 ° pronation Total of 8-12 ° motion for normal gait
38
the ROM of the subtalar joint is observed in what plane
frontal plane
39
how can you measure the ROM of the subtalar joint
compare the posterior calcaneal bisection to a bisection of the posterior surface of the lower 1/3 of the leg
40
The ratio of inversion:eversion (supination:pronation) motion of the subtalar joint is
2:1
41
what would happen if the subtalar joint axial inclination is less than 42° (less than 42° from the transverse plane)
would be more frontal plane motion and less transverse plane motion
42
frontal plane dominant subtalar joint axis results in
more calcaneal motion and less talar and leg motion low-arched, increased foot pathology "low axis subtalar joint"
43
if the axial inclination angle is increased (axis has greater than normal deviation from the transverse plane)
the foot will demonstrate greater transverse plane motion
44
transverse plane dominant subtalar joint axis
More talar and tibial motion Less inversion and eversion of the calcaneus Higher arched, fewer foot problems, more postural problems (“High axis” subtalar joint or transverse plane dominant subtalar joint)
45
how can you measure the ROM of the subtalar joint
compare the posterior calcaneal bisection to a bisection of the posterior surface of the lower 1/3 of the leg
46
what would happen if the subtalar joint axial inclination is less than 42° (less than 42° from the transverse plane)
would be more frontal plane motion and less transverse plane motion
47
frontal plane dominant subtalar joint axis results in
more calcaneal motion and less talar and leg motion low-arched, increased foot pathology "low axis subtalar joint"
48
if the axial inclination angle is increased (axis has greater than normal deviation from the transverse plane)
the foot will demonstrate greater transverse plane motion
49
if the talus is moving, the --- is moving
ankle
50
when the talus moves in CKC motion with the heel on the ground, what joints are moving
ankle joint | subtalar joint
51
the motion at the ankle joint occurs --- to the motion of the subtalar joint
opposite
52
the ankle and subtalar joint togeter are referred to as
the rearfoot complex bc functionally dependent on each other
53
in CKC subtalar joint motion, frontal plane motion occurs with
inversion and eversion of the calcaneus
54
in CKC the subtalar joint motion, sagittal and transverse plane motion are provided by
the talus
55
in CKC pronation of the subtalar joint the calcaneus --- and the talus --- and ---
everts | plantarflexes + adducts
56
in CKC pronation of the subtalar joint, pronation is occuring at what joint
subtalar joint
57
in CKC pronation of the subtalar joint, supination is occurring the what joint
ankle joint as plantarflexion and adduction of the talus occurs relative to the ankle joint
58
in CKC supination of the subtalar joint the calcaneus ---, the talus --- and ---
inverts | abducts + dorsiflexed
59
in CKC supination of the subtalar joint, the subtalar joint is
supinating
60
in CKC supination of the subtalar joint, the talus is
dorsiflexing and abducting relative to the ankle, therefore the ankle joint is pronating

Biomechanics Exam 1 (12 decks)

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