Ankle Joint Flashcards
(41 cards)
Why is the femur angled?
so the knees can be closer to the midline and under the centre of gravity
Where is the tibial tuberosity?
proximal of the anterior shaft of tibia
What attaches to the tibial tuberosity?
patella tendon, mediating the quadricep muscles
When we get a fracture on the tibia, we are likely to get a fracture on the fibula as well. Why is that?
tibia and fibula form a ring
Why is the distal tibia more likely to fracture?
It is relatively thin and does not have a good blood supply
What is the name of the oblique line down the posterior tibia?
soleal line
What is the muscle type of soleus?
it’s a slow twitch muscle, working at a steady and low level, important for maintaining posture
Why do we tend to fall forward when we faint in the up right position?
We lose the soleus support, and the centre of gravity will push the body forward
If we fracture our fibula, how long will it take before we can move again?
Pretty quickly, because the fibula is non-weight bearing and has good blood supply
Because of the extensive blood supply of the fibula, we often use the fibula as _______
bone graft
T/F interosseous membrane of the tibia and fibula is a completely sealed membrane
False, it has two foramen, one superiorly, one inferiorly
What kind of joint is the superior tibialfibular joint?
plain synovial
What are the ligaments supporting the superior tibialfibular joint?
anterior ligament, posterior ligament and the lateral collateral ligament
T/F inferior tibialfibular joint has the same joint type as superior tibialfibular joint
False, it is a fibrous syndemosis, hence stronger than the superior joint
Why have we lost pronation and supination in our lower limbs?
humans are bipedal. We trade the mobility for stability of lower limbs
What are the three crucial bones of the ankle (for most of the movements)
talus
calcaneus
navicular
T/F Lower limbs undergo internal rotation during development
True, so the big toe is medial.
External rotation occurs with the upper limbs
What’s the common location for “march fracture”
the second metatarsal, because it is the thinnest and the articulation is wedged between first and third metatarsal. Hence stress fractures are very common
What are the functions of seasamoid bones?
provide a passage for tendons, so they have a cushioning effect and also create a space for neurovascular structures to pass
Where in the bone does an accessory bone form?
in the secondary ossification centres
What are two common places for accessory bones in the lower limbs?
in the talus or around the navicular
List the three main joints associated with the ankle
talocrural, above the talus
subtalar joint, below the talus
midtarsal joint, anteriorly
What does the “mortice” compose of?
body of the talus surrounded between the malleoli, protected by posterior tibiofibular ligament and inferior transverse ligament
What kind of joint is the talocrural joint? What movements does it produce?
synovial hinge joint, producing dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
