ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

Question 1

What is ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 1

An inflammatory condition affecting the spine, causing stiffness and pain

Ankylosing spondylitis primarily affects the axial skeleton.

Question 2

Which patients are commonly affected by ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 2

Young males (3:1), 20-30 years old

The prevalence is significantly higher in males compared to females.

Question 3

What may be seen on X-ray in patients with ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 3

Bamboo spine, squaring of vertebrae, sacroiliitis. On CXR: apical fibrosis

These X-ray findings are characteristic of advanced disease.

Question 4

What may be seen on blood tests for ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 4

Raised CRP, ESR

Elevated levels indicate inflammation in the body.

Question 5

What may be observed during examination of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 5

Schober’s test <5 cm

This test assesses spinal mobility.

Question 6

What are the associated features of ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 6

• Apical fibrosis
• Anterior uveitis
• Aortic regurgitation
• AV heart block
• Amyloidosis
• Achilles tendonitis
• Arthritis (peripheral)
• Cauda equina

These features may occur due to systemic involvement of the disease.

Question 7

What is the management for ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 7

• Regular exercise
• NSAIDs
• Physio
• DMARDs
• Anti-TNF

Management focuses on reducing symptoms and improving function.