ANS Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic nervous system is a system of ____ neurons

A

motor

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2
Q

The ANS innervates the:

A

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Glands

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3
Q

Function of the ANS

A
To maintain homeostasis. The ANS regulates:
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Body temperature
Sweating 
Digestion
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4
Q

Autonomic output originates in

A

CNS

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5
Q

Input from ____, ______, _____, and _____ regulate ANS

A

cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and somatic nervous system

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6
Q

______contains nuclei for autonomic functions including: hunger, thirst, thermoregulation, and sexual response

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

The “boss”: Overall integration of ANS

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

Regulates pupil size, heart, blood pressure, airflow,

salivation, etc.

A

Brain stem (reticular formation, etc.)

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9
Q

Reflexes for urination, defecation, erection and ejaculation

A

Spinal cord

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10
Q

Visceral sensory neuron cell bodies are located in

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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11
Q

ANS afferet input

A
Stretch
Tissue damage
Blood chemistry
Body temperature
Other internal stimuli
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12
Q

ANS efferent output

A

Contraction/relaxation of blood vessels
Smooth muscle of organs
Increase/decrease in HR, breath rate, etc.

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13
Q

Unconscious, automatic, stereotyped responses of visceral effectors to stimuli

A

Visceral Reflexes

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14
Q

contain only unmyelinated postganglionic fibers traveling to peripheral structures

A

Gray rami

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15
Q

contain myelinated preganglionic fibers traveling to sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

White rami

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16
Q

“Fight-or-flight” responses for increased physical activity
Concerned with preparing the body for emergencies and executing the necessary changes so that the body can survive and emergency
Increases heart rate and blood glucose
Reduces blood flow to skin and GI tract

A

Sympathetic division

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17
Q
“Rest and digest” 
responses with calming effects
Decreases heart rate
Stimulates digestion and waste elimination
maintaining the body’s steady state
“house keeping”
A

Parasympathetic division

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18
Q

Balance between activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
Both systems are working more-or-less all the time
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions may act antagonistically or cooperatively

A

Autonomic Tone

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19
Q

The Parasympathetic operates ____, one function is concentrated one at a time

A

locally and discretely

20
Q

The Sympathetic division often works by _____everything goes at the same time

A

“mass action”

21
Q

Preganglionic somas are housed in different regions of the CNS
Parasympathetic: 1
Sympathetic: 2

A
  1. brainstem or sacral spinal cord

2. lateral horns of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord

22
Q

Location of Ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia are______
Sympathetic are close to ______

A
  1. close to the effector organ

2. the spinal cord (sympathetic trunk)

23
Q

Post-ganglionic branches (how many)
Parasympathetic =
Sympathetic =

A
  1. few (4 or less), localized

2. many (more than 20), widespread effects across many organs

24
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers arise from the ____ or ____-of the spinal cord

A

cranial nerves or sacral regions

25
Preganglionic fibers are very ___and ____
long and branching
26
Terminal ganglia are located in ______
the wall of the effector
27
Postganglionic fibers are very ____ and ____
short and specific for one effector
28
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers arise through the ______of the spinal cord Preganglionic somas are in lateral horns
thoracic and lumbar regions
29
Most ganglia are located in a chain just outside the ____
spinal cord
30
Postganglionic fibers are _____, innervating multiple organs
highly branched
31
Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia: Located on what side of the vertebral column? Linked by short nerves into ______ Joined to ventral rami by_______
Both sides Sympathetic trunks white and gray rami communicantes
32
Collateral Ganglia differ from sympathetic trunk ganglia in three ways
Unpaired, not segmentally arranged Occur only in abdomen and pelvis Lie anterior to the vertebral column
33
Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and inferior hypogastric ganglia
Main ganglia
34
The Adrenal Medulla is a major organ of the ____
sympathetic nervous system
35
What constitutes the largest sympathetic ganglia
Adrenal Medulla
36
The adrenal medulla secretes great quantities of _____ and _____
norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline)
37
The adrenal medulla is stimulated to secrete by _____
preganglionic sympathetic fibers
38
Outer part | Secretes steroid hormones
Adrenal cortex
39
The Adrenal Glands are located
Superior to kidneys
40
Inner part Secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine Resembles a sympathetic ganglion Somas lack processes
Adrenal medulla
41
Nervous system of the digestive tract
Enteric Nervous System
42
Enteric Nervous System: Innervates ____ and ____ Has its own reflexes to control___ and ___
smooth muscle and glands | motility and emptying of GI organs
43
Regulates Enteric Nervous System
Motility of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines | Secretion of digestive enzymes and acid
44
Most organs receive input from both parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons May have antagonistic or cooperative effects on the same organ Parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons at effectors may utilize different neurotransmitters
Duel Innervation
45
Hair follicle muscles, sweat glands and most blood vessels are under sympathetic or parasympathetic control only?
Sympathetic
46
What dictates the magnitude of the response for hair follicle muscles, sweat glands and most blood vessels
In these cases, more or less frequent signals from the neuron dictates magnitude of response