Lymphatic System

Question 1

Lymph is a fluid, made mostly of water, that is like ___ and ____

Answer 1

plasma and interstitial fluid.

Question 2

Lymph is tissue fluid taken up by _____

Answer 2

lymphatic vessels

Question 3

Lymph supplies lymphocytes to ______

Answer 3

Bloodstream

Question 4

What three types of fluid are a continuation of the same fluid?

Answer 4

Plasma (liquid in blood), interstitual fluid (liquid in tissue), lymph (liquid in lympatic system)

Question 5

As blood pressure rises, (1) exits the blood vessels which raises the (2) pressure. As (2) pressure rises, (2) flows into the lymphatic vessels. The lymph is drained back into the (3)

Answer 5

1. Plasma
2. Interstitual fluid
3. Circulatory system

Question 6

If liquid pools in the tissues = swelling. This is called ___

Answer 6

Edema

Question 7

____ collects tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) and returns it to the blood, preveting edema

Answer 7

Lymphatics

Question 8

You need plasma. If all the liquid is interstitial, blood pressure ___.

Answer 8

Drops

Question 9

Transport lymph from tissues back toward heart

Answer 9

Vessels

Question 10

Centers of immune function

Answer 10

Organs

Question 11

Lymphatic capillaries have loosely connected overlapping ____cells

Answer 11

Endothelial

Question 12

Loosly connecting overlapping endothelial cells in lymphatic capillaries act as flas to ensure _______.

Answer 12

One-way flow of tissue fluid into lymphatic capillary

Question 13

Is the flow of lymph aided by the heartbeat?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

The flow of lymph is propelled by what three mechanisms?

Answer 14

Bulging of skeletal muscles
Pulsing of nearby arteries
Tunica media of the lymph vessels

Question 15

Lymph flows from where to where only?

Answer 15

From the organs to the heart

Question 16

When interstitial fluid pressure rises, it pushes through the endothelium at the space where two cells overlap
When the pressure rises inside the lymphatic capillary, the fluid (1) on the endothelial cells and (2) to entering fluid and prevents (3) out of the lymphatic capillary

Answer 16

1. pushes back
2. closes them off
3. leakage

Question 17

High permeability of lymphatic capillaries allows entrance of:

Answer 17

Tissue fluid and protein molecules

Bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells

Question 18

Lymphatic trunks:

Answer 18

Named by location: jugular, subclavian, bronchomediastinal, intestinal, and lumbar

Question 19

Lymphatic vessels resemble small ____

Answer 19

Veins

Question 20

Lymphatic vessels have three tunics:

Answer 20

Interna, media, externa

Question 21

Lymphatic vessels have ___ to prevent backflow

Answer 21

Valves

Question 22

Contraction of _____ helps fluid move up

Answer 22

skeletal muscle

Question 23

Vessels that bring lymph TOWARDS a lymph organ are ____vessels
Vessels that carry lymph EXITING a lymph organ are ____vessels

Answer 23

Afferent

Efferent

Question 24

Lymphatic vessels drain into _____

Answer 24

Larger lymphatic trunks

Question 25

Jugular trunks drain:

Answer 25

The head and neck

Question 26

Subclavian trunks drain:

Answer 26

The thorax, breast and arm

Question 27

Bronchomediastinal trunks drain:

Answer 27

Lungs and heart

Question 28

Intestinal trunks drain:

Answer 28

Most abdominal structures

Question 29

Lumbar trunks drain:

Answer 29

Lower limb and pelvic organs

Question 30

Thoracic duct begins superior to the _____

Answer 30

cisterna chyli

Question 31

The thoracic duct receives thoracic lymph as it travels to _____. ____, ____ and ____ trunks join as well.

Answer 31

Left subclavian vein | Left jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal

Question 32

Right jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal trunks join to form a short ______ or independently connect to veins.

Answer 32

right lymphatic duct

Question 33

The right lymphatic duct recieves lymph from:

Answer 33

Right side of head, thorax and upper limb

Question 34

The thoracic duct receives lymph from:

Answer 34

Whole left side and body below diaphragm

Question 35

At the base of the thoracic duct, all the lymphatic vessels that drain the intestines merge to form ____

Answer 35

Cisterna chyli

Question 36

(1) from the intestinal tract gets absorbed into the lymph instead of blood. It swirls around in the cisterna chyli as white, semi-solid lymph. Lymph is added from (2) and dilutes the lipid content. Drains into the (3)

Answer 36

1. Fat 2. Lumbar trunks 3. Thoracic duct

Question 37

The spleen monitors the ___ for pathogens

Answer 37

Blood

Question 38

The ____ monitor lymph for pathogens

Answer 38

lymph nodes

Question 39

Lymph nodes are site for immune function. Lymph nodes store ____ until infection. _____ cell division can cause swelling of the lymph nodes during infection.

Answer 39

Leukocyte

Question 40

Lymph nodes function to:

Answer 40

To cleanse lymph and act as site of T cell activation

Question 41

Lymph nodes have an outer____ and an inner____

Answer 41

Cortex | Medulla

Question 42

Several afferent vessels lead to the lymph node, but few efferent vessels leave its ____

Answer 42

Hilum

Question 43

Nodes are concentrated in certain regions:

Answer 43

``` Cervical Axillary Thoracic Abdominal Intestinal and mesenteric Inguinal Popliteal ```

Question 44

Primary lymphatic organs – places where lymphocytes become immunocompetent

Answer 44

Red bone marrow (B-cells) | Thymus (T-cells)

Question 45

Secondary Lymphatic organs –contain lymphocytes already immunocompetent

Answer 45

Lymph nodes Tonsils Spleen

Question 46

Site where immature lymphocytes develop into T lymphocytes

Answer 46

Thymus

Question 47

Largest lymphatic organ

Answer 47

Spleen

Question 48

The spleen is a reservoir for____ awaiting immune response-> macrophages

Answer 48

monocytes

Question 49

The two main blood cleansing functions of the spleen:

Answer 49

Removal of bloodborne antigens | Removal and destruction of old or defective blood cells

Question 50

``` At the spleen, on will find: Destruction of (1) Site of (2) Storage of (3) ```

Answer 50

1. Antigens 2. B cell maturation into plasma cells 3. Platelets

Question 51

Any biological agent that causes illness

Answer 51

Pathogen

Question 52

A collection of cells and proteins that protect us from foreign antigens: microbes (bacteria, fungi, parasites), viruses, cancer cells and toxins

Answer 52

Immune System

Question 53

Two lines of defense of the immune system:

Answer 53

Innate and adaptive immunity (they are not mutually exclusive but complementary)

Question 54

Immune response may be ___ or ___

Answer 54

Specific or nonspecific

Question 55

Flow of lymph:

Answer 55

Lymphatic capillaries → collecting vessels → lymphatic trunks → collecting ducts → subclavian vein

Question 56

Lymph nodes are found at higher density in ___, ___ and ___ regions

Answer 56

inguinal, axillary, cervical

Question 57

The spleen is the site of ____cell maturation into plasma cells

Answer 57

B

Question 58

The spleen stores ____

Answer 58

Platlets

Question 59

Skin and mucuous membranes are examples of (specific or nonspecific) anatomical defenses?

Answer 59

Nonspecific

Question 60

MALT

Answer 60

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

Question 61

In mucus membranes, ___ entraps microbes, ___ propels them for digestion/excretion

Answer 61

Mucus | Cilia

Question 62

Temperature, PH and Cellular defenses are examples of (specifc or nonspecific) anatomical defenses

Answer 62

Nonspecific