ant p1 free recall Flashcards
(303 cards)
1
Q
- Meaning, Scope, and Development of Anthropology,,
A
.
2
Q
- Relationships with Other Disciplines, “Social Sciences”,
A
.
3
Q
- Relationships with Other Disciplines, “Behavioural Sciences”,
A
.
4
Q
- Relationships with Other Disciplines, “Life Sciences”,
A
.
5
Q
- Relationships with Other Disciplines, “Medical Sciences”,
A
.
6
Q
- Relationships with Other Disciplines, “Earth Sciences”,
A
.
7
Q
- Relationships with Other Disciplines, “Humanities”,
A
.
8
Q
- Main Branches of Anthropology, “Social-cultural Anthropology”,
A
.
9
Q
- Main Branches of Anthropology, “Biological Anthropology”,
A
.
10
Q
- Main Branches of Anthropology, “Archaeological Anthropology”,
A
.
11
Q
- Main Branches of Anthropology, “Linguistic Anthropology”,
A
.
12
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Biological and Cultural Factors in Human Evolution”,
A
.
13
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Theories of Organic Evolution”, “Pre-Darwinian”,
A
.
14
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Theories of Organic Evolution”, “Darwinian”,
A
.
15
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Theories of Organic Evolution”, “Post-Darwinian”,
A
.
16
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Synthetic Theory of Evolution”,
A
.
17
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Terms and Concepts of Evolutionary Biology”, “Doll’s Rule”,
A
.
18
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Terms and Concepts of Evolutionary Biology”, “Cope’s Rule”,
A
.
19
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Terms and Concepts of Evolutionary Biology”, “Gause’s Rule”,
A
.
20
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Terms and Concepts of Evolutionary Biology”, “Parallelism”,
A
.
21
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Terms and Concepts of Evolutionary Biology”, “Convergence”,
A
.
22
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Terms and Concepts of Evolutionary Biology”, “Adaptive Radiation”,
A
.
23
Q
- Human Evolution and Emergence of Man, “Terms and Concepts of Evolutionary Biology”, “Mosaic Evolution”,
A
.
24
Q
- Characteristics of Primates, “Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy”,
A
.
25
5. Characteristics of Primates, "Primate Adaptations (Arboreal and Terrestrial)",
.
26
5. Characteristics of Primates, "Primate Behaviour",
.
27
5. Characteristics of Primates, "Tertiary and Quaternary Fossil Primates",
.
28
5. Characteristics of Primates, "Living Major Primates",
.
29
5. Characteristics of Primates, "Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes",
.
30
5. Characteristics of Primates, "Skeletal Changes Due to Erect Posture and Its Implications",
.
31
6. Phylogenetic Status, Characteristics, and Geographical Distribution, "Plio-pleistocene Hominids in South and East Africa (Australopithecines)",
.
32
6. Phylogenetic Status, Characteristics, and Geographical Distribution, "Homo Erectus", "Africa (Paranthropus)",
.
33
6. Phylogenetic Status, Characteristics, and Geographical Distribution, "Homo Erectus", "Europe (Homo erectus heidelbergensis)",
.
34
6. Phylogenetic Status, Characteristics, and Geographical Distribution, "Homo Erectus", "Asia (Homo erectus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis)",
.
35
6. Phylogenetic Status, Characteristics, and Geographical Distribution, "Neanderthal Man", "La-chapelle-aux-saints (Classical Type)",
.
36
6. Phylogenetic Status, Characteristics, and Geographical Distribution, "Neanderthal Man", "Mt. Carmel (Progressive Type)",
.
37
6. Phylogenetic Status, Characteristics, and Geographical Distribution, "Rhodesian Man",
.
38
6. Phylogenetic Status, Characteristics, and Geographical Distribution, "Homo Sapiens", "Cromagnon",
.
39
6. Phylogenetic Status, Characteristics, and Geographical Distribution, "Homo Sapiens", "Grimaldi",
.
40
6. Phylogenetic Status, Characteristics, and Geographical Distribution, "Homo Sapiens", "Chancelade",
.
41
7. The Biological Basis of Life, "The Cell",
.
42
7. The Biological Basis of Life, "DNA Structure and Replication",
.
43
7. The Biological Basis of Life, "Protein Synthesis",
.
44
7. The Biological Basis of Life, "Gene",
.
45
7. The Biological Basis of Life, "Mutation",
.
46
7. The Biological Basis of Life, "Chromosomes",
.
47
7. The Biological Basis of Life, "Cell Division",
.
48
8. Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology and Chronology, "Relative and Absolute Dating Methods",
.
49
8. Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology and Chronology, "Cultural Evolution", "Paleolithic",
.
50
8. Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology and Chronology, "Cultural Evolution", "Mesolithic",
.
51
8. Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology and Chronology, "Cultural Evolution", "Neolithic",
.
52
8. Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology and Chronology, "Cultural Evolution", "Chalcolithic",
.
53
8. Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology and Chronology, "Cultural Evolution", "Copper-Bronze Age",
.
54
8. Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology and Chronology, "Cultural Evolution", "Iron Age",
.
55
9. The Nature of Culture, "Concept and Characteristics of Culture and Civilization",
.
56
9. The Nature of Culture, "Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural Relativism",
.
57
10. The Nature of Society, "Concept of Society",
.
58
10. The Nature of Society, "Society and Culture",
.
59
10. The Nature of Society, "Social Institutions",
.
60
10. The Nature of Society, "Social Groups",
.
61
10. The Nature of Society, "Social Stratification",
.
62
11. Marriage, "Definition and Universality",
.
63
11. Marriage, "Laws of Marriage", "Endogamy",
.
64
11. Marriage, "Laws of Marriage", "Exogamy",
.
65
11. Marriage, "Laws of Marriage", "Hypergamy",
.
66
11. Marriage, "Laws of Marriage", "Hypogamy",
.
67
11. Marriage, "Laws of Marriage", "Incest Taboo",
.
68
11. Marriage, "Types of Marriage", "Monogamy",
.
69
11. Marriage, "Types of Marriage", "Polygamy",
.
70
11. Marriage, "Types of Marriage", "Polyandry",
.
71
11. Marriage, "Types of Marriage", "Group Marriage",
.
72
11. Marriage, "Functions of Marriage",
.
73
11. Marriage, "Marriage Regulations", "Preferential",
.
74
11. Marriage, "Marriage Regulations", "Prescriptive",
.
75
11. Marriage, "Marriage Regulations", "Proscriptive",
.
76
11. Marriage, "Marriage Payments", "Bride Wealth",
.
77
11. Marriage, "Marriage Payments", "Dowry",
.
78
12. Family, "Definition and Universality",
.
79
12. Family, "Family, Household, and Domestic Groups",
.
80
12. Family, "Functions of Family",
.
81
12. Family, "Types of Family", "Structure",
.
82
12. Family, "Types of Family", "Blood Relation",
.
83
12. Family, "Types of Family", "Marriage",
.
84
12. Family, "Types of Family", "Residence",
.
85
12. Family, "Types of Family", "Succession",
.
86
12. Family, "Impact of Urbanization, Industrialization, and Feminist Movements on Family",
.
87
13. Kinship, "Consanguinity and Affinity",
.
88
13. Kinship, "Principles and Types of Descent", "Unilineal",
.
89
13. Kinship, "Principles and Types of Descent", "Double",
.
90
13. Kinship, "Principles and Types of Descent", "Bilateral",
.
91
13. Kinship, "Principles and Types of Descent", "Ambilineal",
.
92
13. Kinship, "Forms of Descent Groups", "Lineage",
.
93
13. Kinship, "Forms of Descent Groups", "Clan",
.
94
13. Kinship, "Forms of Descent Groups", "Phratry",
.
95
13. Kinship, "Forms of Descent Groups", "Moiety",
.
96
13. Kinship, "Forms of Descent Groups", "Kindred",
.
97
13. Kinship, "Kinship Terminology", "Descriptive",
.
98
13. Kinship, "Kinship Terminology", "Classificatory",
.
99
13. Kinship, "Descent, Filiation, and Complimentary Filiation",
.
100
13. Kinship, "Descent and Alliance",
.
101
14. Economic Organization, "Meaning, Scope, and Relevance of Economic Anthropology",
.
102
14. Economic Organization, "Formalist and Substantivist Debate",
.
103
14. Economic Organization, "Principles Governing Production, Distribution, and Exchange", "Reciprocity",
.
104
14. Economic Organization, "Principles Governing Production, Distribution, and Exchange", "Redistribution",
.
105
14. Economic
Organization, "Principles Governing Production, Distribution, and Exchange", "Market",
.
106
14. Economic Organization, "Economic Activities", "Hunting and Gathering",
.
107
14. Economic Organization, "Economic Activities", "Fishing",
.
108
14. Economic Organization, "Economic Activities", "Swiddening",
.
109
14. Economic Organization, "Economic Activities", "Pastoralism",
.
110
14. Economic Organization, "Economic Activities", "Horticulture",
.
111
14. Economic Organization, "Economic Activities", "Agriculture",
.
112
14. Economic Organization, "Globalization and Indigenous Economic Systems",
.
113
15. Political Organization and Social Control, "Band",
.
114
15. Political Organization and Social Control, "Tribe",
.
115
15. Political Organization and Social Control, "Chiefdom",
.
116
15. Political Organization and Social Control, "Kingdom",
.
117
15. Political Organization and Social Control, "State",
.
118
15. Political Organization and Social Control, "Concepts of Power, Authority, and Legitimacy",
.
119
15. Political Organization and Social Control, "Social Control",
.
120
15. Political Organization and Social Control, "Law and Justice in Simple Societies",
.
121
16. Religion, "Anthropological Approaches", "Evolutionary",
.
122
16. Religion, "Anthropological Approaches", "Psychological",
.
123
16. Religion, "Anthropological Approaches", "Functional",
.
124
16. Religion, "Monotheism vs. Polytheism",
.
125
16. Religion, "Sacred and Profane",
.
126
16. Religion, "Myths and Rituals",
.
127
16. Religion, "Forms of Religion in Tribal and Peasant Societies", "Animism",
.
128
16. Religion, "Forms of Religion in Tribal and Peasant Societies", "Animatism",
.
129
16. Religion, "Forms of Religion in Tribal and Peasant Societies", "Fetishism",
.
130
16. Religion, "Forms of Religion in Tribal and Peasant Societies", "Naturism",
.
131
16. Religion, "Forms of Religion in Tribal and Peasant Societies", "Totemism",
.
132
16. Religion, "Religion, Magic, and Science Distinguished",
.
133
16. Religion, "Magico-religious Functionaries", "Priest",
.
134
16. Religion, "Magico-religious Functionaries", "Shaman",
.
135
16. Religion, "Magico-religious Functionaries", "Medicine Man",
.
136
16. Religion, "Magico-religious Functionaries", "Sorcerer",
.
137
16. Religion, "Magico-religious Functionaries", "Witch",
.
138
17. Anthropological Theories, "Classical Evolutionism", "Tylor",
.
139
17. Anthropological Theories, "Classical Evolutionism", "Morgan",
.
140
17. Anthropological Theories, "Classical Evolutionism", "Frazer",
.
141
17. Anthropological Theories, "Historical Particularism", "Boas",
.
142
17. Anthropological Theories, "Diffusionism", "British",
.
143
17. Anthropological Theories, "Diffusionism", "German",
.
144
17. Anthropological Theories, "Diffusionism", "American",
.
145
17. Anthropological Theories, "Functionalism", "Malinowski",
.
146
17. Anthropological Theories, "Structural-Functionalism", "Radcliffe-Brown",
.
147
17. Anthropological Theories, "Structuralism", "Levi-Strauss",
.
148
17. Anthropological Theories, "Structuralism", "E. Leach",
.
149
17. Anthropological Theories, "Culture and Personality", "Benedict",
.
150
17. Anthropological Theories, "Culture and Personality", "Mead",
.
151
17. Anthropological Theories, "Culture and Personality", "Linton",
.
152
17. Anthropological Theories, "Culture and Personality", "Kardiner",
.
153
17. Anthropological Theories, "Culture and Personality", "Cora-du Bois",
.
154
17. Anthropological Theories, "Neo-Evolutionism", "Childe",
.
155
17. Anthropological Theories, "Neo-Evolutionism", "White",
.
156
17. Anthropological Theories, "Neo-Evolutionism", "Steward",
.
157
17. Anthropological Theories, "Neo-Evolutionism", "Sahlins",
.
158
17. Anthropological Theories, "Neo-Evolutionism", "Service",
.
159
17. Anthropological Theories, "Cultural Materialism", "Harris",
.
160
17. Anthropological Theories, "Symbolic and Interpretive Theories", "Turner",
.
161
17. Anthropological Theories, "Symbolic and Interpretive Theories", "Schneider",
.
162
17. Anthropological Theories, "Symbolic and Interpretive Theories", "Geertz",
.
163
17. Anthropological Theories, "Cognitive Theories", "Tyler",
.
164
17. Anthropological Theories, "Cognitive Theories", "Conklin",
.
165
17. Anthropological Theories, "Postmodernism in Anthropology",
.
166
18. Culture, Language, and Communication, "Nature, Origin, and Characteristics of Language",
.
167
18. Culture, Language, and Communication, "Verbal and Non-verbal Communication",
.
168
18. Culture, Language, and Communication, "Social Context of Language Use",
.
169
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Fieldwork Tradition",
.
170
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Distinction between Technique, Method, and Methodology",
.
171
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Tools of Data Collection", "Observation",
.
172
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Tools of Data Collection", "Interview",
.
173
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Tools of Data Collection", "Schedules",
.
174
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Tools of Data Collection", "Questionnaire",
.
175
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Tools of Data Collection", "Case Study",
.
176
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Tools of Data Collection", "Genealogy",
.
177
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Tools of Data Collection", "Life-history",
.
178
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Tools of Data Collection", "Oral History",
.
179
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Tools of Data Collection", "Secondary Sources",
.
180
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Tools of Data Collection", "Participatory Methods",
.
181
19. Research Methods in Anthropology, "Analysis, Interpretation, and Presentation of Data",
.
182
20. Human Genetics, "Methods and Applications", "Family Study", "Pedigree Analysis",
.
183
20. Human Genetics, "Methods and Applications", "Family Study", "Twin Study",
.
184
20. Human Genetics, "Methods and Applications", "Family Study", "Foster Child",
.
185
20. Human Genetics, "Methods and Applications", "Family Study", "Co-twin Method",
.
186
20. Human Genetics, "Methods and Applications", "Family Study", "Cytogenetic Method",
.
187
20. Human Genetics, "Methods and Applications", "Family Study", "Chromosome and Karyotype Analysis",
.
188
20. Human Genetics, "Methods and Applications", "Biochemical Methods",
.
189
20. Human Genetics, "Methods and Applications", "Immunological Methods",
.
190
20. Human Genetics, "Methods and Applications", "DNA Technology and Recombinant Technologies",
.
191
20. Human Genetics, "Mendelian Genetics in Man", "Single Factor",
.
192
20. Human Genetics, "Mendelian Genetics in Man", "Multifactor",
.
193
20. Human Genetics, "Mendelian Genetics in Man", "Lethal",
.
194
20. Human Genetics, "Mendelian Genetics in Man", "Sub-lethal",
.
195
20. Human Genetics, "Mendelian Genetics in Man", "Polygenic Inheritance",
.
196
20. Human Genetics, "Genetic Polymorphism and Selection", "Mendelian Population",
.
197
20. Human Genetics, "Genetic Polymorphism and Selection", "Hardy-Weinberg Law",
.
198
20. Human Genetics, "Genetic Polymorphism and Selection", "Causes of Frequency Changes", "Mutation",
.
199
20. Human Genetics, "Genetic Polymorphism and Selection", "Causes of Frequency Changes", "Isolation",
.
200
20. Human Genetics, "Genetic Polymorphism and Selection", "Causes of Frequency Changes", "Migration",
.
201
20. Human Genetics, "Genetic Polymorphism and Selection", "Causes of Frequency Changes", "Selection",
.
202
20. Human Genetics, "Genetic Polymorphism and Selection", "Causes of Frequency Changes", "Inbreeding",
.
203
20. Human Genetics, "Genetic Polymorphism and Selection", "Causes of Frequency Changes", "Genetic Drift",
.
204
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Numerical and Structural Aberrations",
.
205
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Sex Chromosomal Aberrations", "Klinefelter",
.
206
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Sex Chromosomal Aberrations", "Turner",
.
207
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Sex Chromosomal Aberrations", "Super Female",
.
208
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Sex Chromosomal Aberrations", "Intersex",
.
209
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes
.
210
and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Sex Chromosomal Aberrations", "Y-linked disorders",
.
211
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Autosomal Aberrations", "Down Syndrome",
.
212
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Autosomal Aberrations", "Patau Syndrome",
.
213
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Autosomal Aberrations", "Edwards Syndrome",
.
214
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Autosomal Aberrations", "Cri-du-chat Syndrome",
.
215
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Autosomal Aberrations", "William Syndrome",
.
216
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Autosomal Aberrations", "Angelman Syndrome",
.
217
20. Human Genetics, "Chromosomes and Chromosomal Aberrations", "Autosomal Aberrations", "Prader-Willi Syndrome",
.
218
20. Human Genetics, "Human Genetic Diseases", "Single Gene Disorders",
.
219
20. Human Genetics, "Human Genetic Diseases", "Multifactorial Disorders",
.
220
20. Human Genetics, "Human Genetic Diseases", "Chromosomal Disorders",
.
221
20. Human Genetics, "Human Genetic Diseases", "Mitochondrial Disorders",
.
222
20. Human Genetics, "Human Genetic Diseases", "Genetic Syndromes",
.
223
21. Evolutionary Anthropology, "Evolutionary Trends in Human Evolution",
.
224
21. Evolutionary Anthropology, "Key Stages in Human Evolution",
.
225
21. Evolutionary Anthropology, "Human Adaptations",
.
226
21. Evolutionary Anthropology, "Human Evolutionary Models",
.
227
21. Evolutionary Anthropology, "Hominid Evolutionary Models",
.
228
21. Evolutionary Anthropology, "Biocultural Evolution",
.
229
21. Evolutionary Anthropology, "Recent Advances in Evolutionary Anthropology",
.
230
Certainly! Continuing from where we left off:
.
231
```
.
232
22. Concepts and Methods of Ecological Anthropology, "Bio-cultural Adaptations",
.
233
22. Concepts and Methods of Ecological Anthropology, "Man’s Physiological Responses to Environmental Stresses", "Hot Desert",
.
234
22. Concepts and Methods of Ecological Anthropology, "Man’s Physiological Responses to Environmental Stresses", "Cold",
.
235
22. Concepts and Methods of Ecological Anthropology, "Man’s Physiological Responses to Environmental Stresses", "High Altitude Climate",
.
236
23. Epidemiological Anthropology, "Health and Disease",
.
237
23. Epidemiological Anthropology, "Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases",
.
238
23. Epidemiological Anthropology, "Nutritional Deficiency-related Diseases",
.
239
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Stages of Growth", "Prenatal",
.
240
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Stages of Growth", "Natal",
.
241
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Stages of Growth", "Infant",
.
242
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Stages of Growth", "Childhood",
.
243
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Stages of Growth", "Adolescence",
.
244
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Stages of Growth", "Maturity",
.
245
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Stages of Growth", "Senescence",
.
246
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Factors Affecting Growth and Development", "Genetic",
.
247
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Factors Affecting Growth and Development", "Environmental",
.
248
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Factors Affecting Growth and Development", "Biochemical",
.
249
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Factors Affecting Growth and Development", "Nutritional",
.
250
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Factors Affecting Growth and Development", "Cultural",
.
251
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Factors Affecting Growth and Development", "Socio-economic",
.
252
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Ageing and Senescence", "Theories and Observations",
.
253
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Ageing and Senescence", "Biological and Chronological Longevity",
.
254
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Ageing and Senescence", "Human Physique and Somatotypes",
.
255
24. Concept of Human Growth and Development, "Ageing and Senescence", "Methodologies for Growth Studies",
.
256
25. Relevance of Menarche, Menopause, and Other Bioevents to Fertility, "Fertility Patterns and Differentials",
.
257
26. Demographic Theories, "Biological",
.
258
26. Demographic Theories, "Social",
.
259
26. Demographic Theories, "Cultural",
.
260
27. Biological and Socio-ecological Factors Influencing, "Fecundity",
.
261
27. Biological and Socio-ecological Factors Influencing, "Fertility",
.
262
27. Biological and Socio-ecological Factors Influencing, "Natality",
.
263
27. Biological and Socio-ecological Factors Influencing, "Mortality",
.
264
28. Applications of Anthropology, "Anthropology of Sports",
.
265
28. Applications of Anthropology, "Nutritional Anthropology",
.
266
28. Applications of Anthropology, "Anthropology in Designing Defense and Other Equipments",
.
267
28. Applications of Anthropology, "Forensic Anthropology", "Methods and Principles of Personal Identification and Reconstruction",
.
268
28. Applications of Anthropology, "Applied Human Genetics", "Paternity Diagnosis",
.
269
28. Applications of Anthropology, "Applied Human Genetics", "Genetic Counseling",
.
270
28. Applications of Anthropology, "Applied Human Genetics", "Eugenics",
.
271
28. Applications of Anthropology, "DNA Technology in Diseases and Medicine",
.
272
28. Applications of Anthropology, "Serogenetics and Cytogenetics in Reproductive Biology",
.
273
```
.
274
genetic imprints in human disease
275
genetic screening
276
genetic councelling
277
human dna profiling
278
genemapping and genome study
279
race and racism
280
biological basis of morphological variation of non metfic and metric
281
racial criteriia
282
reacial traits in relation to heredity and environment
283
biological basis of racial classification
284
racuial differentiation
285
race crossing in man
286
age sex and polpulation variation as genetic markers
287
abo as genetic marker
288
rh as genetic markers
289
hla hp as genetic markers
290
transferring as genetic markers
291
gm
292
blood enzymes
293
physiological characteristics hb level
294
physiological characteristics body fat
295
physiological characteristics pulse rate
296
physiological characteristics respiratory function
297
sensory functions in differemt culture and socio economic groups
298
consanguinous and non consangi=uinous mating
299
genetic load
300
genetic effects of consanguineous and non consangunineous mating system
301
family method
302
biochemical method
303
