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Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the types of organization of the abdomen?

A

4- quardrants

9-regions

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2
Q

What are the planes in the 4-quadrant organization of the abdomen?

A

Midline plane

Transumbilical plane - horizontal at the belly button

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3
Q

What are the quadrants in the 4-quadrant organization of the abdomen?

A

Upper Right
Upper Left
Lower Right
Lower Right

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4
Q

What are the vertical planes in the 9-region organization of the abdomen?

A

Midclavicular planes - parasagittal

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5
Q

What are the horizontal planes in the 9-region organization of the abdomen?

A

Subcostal - just below the last rib

Intertubercular - runs between the ilium tubercles

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6
Q

What are the superior regions of the 9-region organization from the abdomen?

A

Right Hypochondrium
Epigastric
Left Hypochondrium

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7
Q

What are the middle regions of the 9-region organization of the abdomen?

A

Right Flank
Umbilical
Left Flank

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8
Q

What are the inferior regions of the R-region organization of the abdomen?

A

Right Groin
Pubic
Left Groin

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9
Q

What are the layers of the anterior abdominal wall (from sup. to deep)

A 
Skin
Superficial fascia ) Camper's fascia
External Oblique m
Internal Oblique m
Rectus abdominus m
Extraperitoneal fat
Peritoneum
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10
Q

What layer of the anterior abdominal wall does the vasculature run through?

A

Superficial fascia (Camper’s fascia)

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11
Q

What direction do the fibers of the External Oblique muscle run?

A

The same direction as the fingers when hands are in our pockets

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12
Q

Aponeurosis of external oblique

A

Medial extension of the External Oblique muscle that connects it to the linea alba

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13
Q

Internal Oblique muscle

A

Deep to the ext oblique m
Fibers run perpendicular to the external oblique
Also has a medial aponeurotic extension

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14
Q

Rectus abdominus muscle

A

“6-pack muscles”
Fibers run vertically
Has tendonous intersections perpendicular to the muscle that connect it to the linea alba

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15
Q

Transverse Abdominus muscle

A

Deep to the rectus abdominus m

Fibers are parallel to the external oblique

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16
Q

Linea alba

A

A tendonous fiber that runs vertically down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall
Both obliques and rectus muscles have tendons that connect them to the linea alba

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17
Q

What is the Rectus Sheath?

A

Aponeurotic (tendonous) sheath that envelops the rectus abdominus and pyramidalis muscles
Has anterior and posterior layers

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18
Q

What makes up the Anterior layer of the Rectus Sheath superior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of the external oblique and

Half of the internal oblique aponeurosis

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19
Q

What makes up the Posterior layer of the Rectus Sheath superior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of half of the internal oblique
Transverse abdominus aponeurosis
Transversalis fascia

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20
Q

What makes up the Anterior layer of the Rectus Sheath inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeurosis of External oblique m
Aponeurosis of Internal oblique m
Aponeurosis of Transverse abdominus m

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21
Q

What makes up the Posterior layer of the Rectus Sheath inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Transversalis fascia

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22
Q

What are the different Infraumbilical Peritoneal folds?

A

Median Umbilical Fold (most medial)
Medial Umbilical Folds
Lateral Umbilical Folds

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23
Q

Median Umbilical Fold

A

At the midline from the urinary bladder to the umbilicus and Urachus
Covers the medial umbilical ligament

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24
Q

Medial Umbilical folds

A

Lateral to the Median Umbilical Fold (R and L)

Covers medial umbilical ligaments and occluded portions of the umbilical arteries

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25
Lateral Umbilical Folds
Covers the inferior epigastric vessels
26
What are the superficial vessels of the anterior abdominal wall?
Circumflex Iliac a and v | Epigastric a and v
27
Circumflex Iliac artery
Branch of femoral artery | Supplies the region of the inguinal ligament
28
Epigastric artery
Branch of femoral artery | Supplies the abdomen inferior to the umbilicus
29
Circumflex Iliac vein
Drains to the femoral vein | Drains the region of the inguinal ligament
30
Epigastric vein
Drains to the femoral vein | Drains the abdomen inferior to the umbilicus
31
What are the deep vessels of the anterior abdominal wall?
Deep Circumflex Iliac vessels Inferior Epigastric vessels Superior Epigastric vessels Musculophrenic vessels
32
Deep Circumflex Iliac artery
Branch of External Iliac artery runs between the Internal Oblique and Transverse Abdominus Supplies the inferior lateral abdominal muscles
33
Deep Circumflex Iliac vein
Drains the inferior lateral abdominal muscles Runs between the internal oblique and transverse abdominus Drains to the External Iliac vein
34
Inferior Epigastric artery
Branch of external Iliac artery Enters the posterior rectus sheath at the arcuate line Supplies the lower rectus abdominus muscle Anastomoses with Superior Epigastric artery
35
Inferior Epigastric vein
Drains the lower rectus abdominus muscle | Drains to External Iliac vein
36
Superior Epigastric artery
Branch of Internal Thoracic artery Enters posterior rectus sheath lateral to the sternum Supplies upper rectus abdominus m Anastamoses with Inf. Epigastric artery
37
Superior Epigastric vein
Drains the upper recuts abdominus muscle | Drains to the Internal Thoracic vein
38
Musculophrenic artery
Branch of Internal Thoracic artery Runs along costal cartilage Supplies upper abdominal muscles and diaphragm
39
Musculophrenic vein
Drains upper abdominal muscles and diapharagm | Drains to Internal Thoracic vein
40
What nerves cover the anterior abdominal wall?
Ventral rami of T7-L1 spinal levels
41
What nerves cover the anterior abdominal wall superior to the umbilicus?
T7-T9
42
What nerve covers the anterior abdominal wall at the umbilicus?
T10
43
What nerve covers the anterior abdominal wall inferior to the umbilicus?
T11-L1
44
Where is the Inguinal Region?
``` Inferior to Lateral abdomen region Superior to thigh Medial to the ilium Lateral to the pubic bone Between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic tubercle ```
45
Contents of the Inguinal Region
Inguinal Ligament Deep ring of the inguinal canal Walls of the inguinal canal
46
Inguinal Ligament
Folded inferior border of external oblique aponeurosis | Goes from ASIS to the the pubic tubercle
47
Inguinal canal
Obliquely set tunnel 3-5 cm long Traverses the anterior abdominal wall Runs parallel and superior to the inguinal ligaement
48
What's the difference in the Inguinal Canal between males and females?
Males - contains spermatic cord, its contents, and Ilioinguinal n (L1) Females - contains the round ligament of the uterus and the Ilioingunial n (L1)
49
What are the contents of the spermatic cord?
Vas deferens Testicular nerves and vessels Cremasteric m Fascia
50
Superficial ring of the Inguinal canal
Opening of the external oblique aponeurosis | Obvious opening lateral to the pubic tubercle
51
Deep ring of the Inguinal canal
Opening of the transverse fascia | Subtle piercing just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
52
Anterior Wall of the Inguinal canal
External Oblique Aponeurosis
53
Posterior wall of the Inguinal canal
Transversalis fascia and conjouint tendon
54
Roof of the Inguinal canal
Internal oblique and transverse abdominus muscles
55
Floor
Inguinal Ligament
56
Abdominal Hernia
Outpouching of abdominal viscera within a sac Composed of 3 layers - peritoneum, extraperitoneal fat, and transversalis fascia About 90% of abdominal hernias occur in the inguinal region
57
Indirect Inguinal Hernia
Extends through the entire inguinal canal Commonly enters the scrotum or labia majora Most common type of hernia and most common in males
58
Direct Inguinal Hernia
Through inguinal triangle (Hesselbach's triangle) Usually does not enter scrotum or labia majora Usually associated with weakened abdominal wall
59
Inguinal triangle contents
Inferior epigastric artery Rectus abdominus muscle Inguinal ligament
60
Femoral hernia
Through femoral ring and canal | More common in females because of wider femoral ring
61
Umbilical hernia
Through umbilical ring Most common in newborns In adults, it is most common in females and obese people
62
Epigastric hernia
Through linea alba Most common in people over 40 Usually associated with obesity

Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 (13 decks)

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