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Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 > Histology of the Digestive System > Flashcards

Histology of the Digestive System Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What are the layers of the wall of the alimentary canal?

from lumen, outward

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa or Adventitia

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2
Q

What are the layers of the Mucosa of the Alimentary canal?

A

Lining epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis mucosae

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3
Q

Lining Epithelium

A

Superficial layer of the mucosa of the Alimentary canal

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4
Q

Where would the lining epithelium of mucosa be nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Regions that need protection:

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Anus

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5
Q

Where would the lining epithelium of the muscoa be simple columnar epithelium?

A

Regions of absorption:
Stomach, Small intestines, Large intestines
Lots of tight junctions here

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6
Q

What layer do things need to cross to be “in the body”

A

Lining epithelium of the mucosa

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7
Q

Lamina propria

A

Middle layer of mucosa
Loose areolar Connective tissue
Lots of lymphatics here and some glands

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8
Q

Muscularis mucosa

A

Smooth muscle tissue layer of the mucosa

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9
Q

Submucosa

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

Binds submucosa for the muscularis externa

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10
Q

Meissner’s Plexus

A

Lots of myelinated nerve endings in the submucosa

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11
Q

What are the layers of the Muscularis externa

A

Inner circular layer
Nervouse tissue
Outer longitudinal layer

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12
Q

Inner circular layer of Muscularis externa

A

Smooth muscle in Muscularis externa
Thickened in sphincters and valves
Contract to close down lumen, and lengthen the GI tract

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13
Q

Nervous tissue of Muscularis externa

A

In between muscle layers

Location of Mysenteric nerve plexus

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14
Q

Outer layer of Muscularis externa

A

Smooth muscle

Contracts to dilate the lumen and shorten theGI tract

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15
Q

Serosa and Adventitia

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

Serosa has a mesothelium on the very outside

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16
Q

Esophagus Mucosa

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Esophageal cardiac glands in lamina propria

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17
Q

Esophagus Submucosa

A

Dense irregular CT
Connect muscosa to muscularis externa
Contains esophageal glands

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18
Q

Esophagus Muscularis Externa

A

Skeletal muscle proximally and smooth muscle distally

Moves bolus through GI tract

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19
Q

Esophagus Serosa/Adventitia

A

Adventitia superior to diaphragm

Serosa inferior to the diaphragm

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20
Q

Esophagus Glands

A

Esophageal glands proper

Esophageal Cardiac glands

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21
Q

Esophageal glands proper

A

In the submucosa

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22
Q

Esophageal cardiac glands

A

In the lamina propria

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23
Q

Subdivisions of the Stomach

Study These Flashcards
A

Cardia
Fundis
Body
Pylorus

24
Q

Cardia of the stomach contents

Study These Flashcards
A

Cardiac glands - primarily mucos

25
Fundus of the stomach contents
Gastric glands - contain cells that secrete HCl and pepsin
26
Body of the stomach contents
Gastric glands - contain cells that secrete HCl and pepsin
27
Mucosa of the stomach
Protect other layers from food and gastric juices Simple Columnar epithelium Gastric pits
28
Gastric pits
Lead to simple branched tubular glands
29
Muscularis externa of the Stomach
The inner circular layer is now middle | There are inner oblique muscles
30
Small intestines Sections
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
31
What is the length of the small intestines in living patients? Cadavers?
Living - 10 ft | Cadaver - 21 ft
32
Plica circularis of the small intestines
Submocosa core | Circular folds
33
Villi of the small intestines
Finger-like projections of mucosa
34
Microvilli of the small intestines
Protection of apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cells | Striated border
35
Mucosa of the small intestines
Simple columnar epithelium Contain enterocytes Contain goblet cells
36
Enterocytes
Absorptive cells Tall columnar cells with basal nuclei Have microvilli at the surface so the can also be secretory
37
Goblet cells
Secrete mucus | Few proximally and increase the farther you go
38
What are mucosa modifications of the small intestines
Enterocytes Goblet cells Crypts of Lieberkun
39
Crypts of Lieberkun
Contiains Tubular glands, Paneth cells, Enteroendocrine cells Stem cells
40
Paneth cells
At bases of Crypts of Lieberkun in small intestines Balance normal bacterial flora Secrete lysozyme, which is important for digestion of bacterial cell wall
41
Enteroendocrine cells
Secrete hormones in the small intestines
42
Where are Brunner's glands?
Only in the duodenum - in the submucosa
43
Brunner's glands
Produce alkaline mucous Neutralize pH, since we get low pH stuff of the stomach Only in the duodenum
44
M cells
Specialized epithelial in ileum overlying Peyer's patches | They sample things before shipping them off to immune cells
45
What are tenaie coli?
Muscles that go longitudinally down the large intestine | Part of the muscularis externa
46
Haustra
Bulbous bodies as part of the colon
47
Large intestines epithelum
Simple columnar epithelium
48
Lamina propria of the large intestines
Layer of mucosa | Contains lymphoid cells and lymphoid tissues
49
What are the divisions of the Pancreas?
Head Body Tail
50
Pancreas functions
``` 98-99% = exocrine gland (compound acinar) 1-2% = endocrine gland (Islets of Langerhans) ```
51
What are the 2 blood sources to the liver?
``` Hepatic artery (oxygenated blood) Hepatic Portal vein (deoxigenated blood with newly absorbed nutrients, drugs, microbes from GI) ```
52
What is the blood drainage of the liver?
``` Hepatic a./Hep Portal vein to Liver sinusoids to Central Canal to Hepatic vein to IVC ```
53
Liver sinusoids
Where oxygen, most nutruents and toxic substances are taken up by hepatocytes Also where hepatocytes products and stored nutrients are secreted back to the blood
54
Hepatic lobule
Functional and structural unit of the liver | Six-sided structure with Hepatocytes surrounding a Central Vein
55
Kupfer cells
Largest cell lining liver sinusoids Stellate macrophages Phagocytotic Brakdown old or damaged RBCs
56
Gallbladder
Secretes bile

Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 (13 decks)

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