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Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 > Diaphragm, Kidneys, and Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm, Kidneys, and Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Fat and Fascia surrounding the kidneys (superficial to deep)

A

Transversalis fascia and peritoneum
Renal fascia - paranephric fat
Renal capsule - paranephric fat

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2
Q

Fibrous capsule of the kidney

A

The outermost layer of the kidney

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3
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer 1/3 of the kidney

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4
Q

Renal medulla

A

Inner 2/3 of the kidney

Contains the Pyramids

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5
Q

Renal Papillae

A

Receive the apex of the pyramids

Sending urine to the calyces

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6
Q

Minor Calyces

A

Collect from the papillae and send to the major calyces

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7
Q

Major Calyces

A

Collect from the minor calyces and send to the renal pelvis

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8
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

Collect from the Major calyces and send to the ureter

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9
Q

Ureter

A

Send urine to the bladder

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10
Q

Kidney Position

A

Lateral to the vertebral column at the T12-13 level

Superior poles are uneven

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11
Q

Where are the superior poles of the kidneys

A

L = 11th rib
R = 12th rib
Right is more inferior because of the liver

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12
Q

Kidney drainage

A

Papilale -> minor calyces -> major calyces -> renal pelvis -> ureters -> urinary bladder -> urethra

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13
Q

Renal arteris

A

Right renal artery is longer, because the aorta is closer to the left kidney
R renal artery passes IVC posteriorly
Renal arteries divide into 5 segmental arteries at each hilum to supply the different lobes of the kidney

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14
Q

Renal veins

A

L is longer, because the IVC is closer to the right

L passes anterior to the aorta

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15
Q

Course of the Ureters

A

Leave the hilum of kidney
Cross Psoas major m anteriorly and enters the bladder
Runs medial and obliquely posterior to gonadal vessels
Anterior to the External Iliac artery

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16
Q

What the possible Variations of the ureters?

A

Bifid renal pelvis

Retrocaval ureters

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17
Q

Bifid renal pelvis

A

Multiple ureters

Farily common variation of ureters

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18
Q

Retrocaval ureters

A

R ureter wraps around the IVC

Occasional, but rare

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19
Q

Ureter vasculature

A 
Arteries arise from 3-4 sources
Renal artery
Testicular or Ovarian arteries (gonadal arteries)
Internal iliac artery
Drains into similarly named veins
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20
Q

What is an intravenous urogram?

A

Patient is injected with iodinated contrast medium
Media are excreted by glomerular filtration and renal tubules
Allows fro visualization of the ureters and bladder

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21
Q

Kidney Stones

A

Form in kidney and progress to the renal pelvis
May spontaneously pass through ureter into bladder
Usually causes considerable pain
Stones >1cm may need to be removed surgically
May be subjected to ultrasonic crushing

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22
Q

Referred pain in kidney stones

A

Rhythmic waves of referred pain
Caused by contractions to move the stone down the ureters
Referred pain starts in the lower back
Pain moves around the side and toward the groin as stone progresses (T11-12)

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23
Q

Left Adrenal Gland

A

More semilunar
Lies superomedially to left kidney
Looks like it’s sliding off the top to the hilum

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24
Q

Right Adrenal Gland

A

Roughly triangular

Superiorly to right kidney

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25
Adrenal gland structure
Fibrous capsule surround the adrenal cortex, which surrounds the medulla
26
Adrenal Cortex
Produces adrenal steroids
27
Adrenal Medulla
Acts as a sympathetic ganglion
28
What are the suprarenal arteries
Richly Vascularized Superior suprarenal arteries Middle suprarenal arteries Inferior suprarenal arteries
29
Superior Suprarenal arteries
6-8 branches | From inferior phrenic arteries
30
Middle suprarenal arteries
1+ branch(es) | From abdominal aorta
31
Inferior Suprarenal arteries
1+ branch(es) | From renal artery
32
Diaphragm
Dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity
33
What are the three openings of the diaphragm?
Vena cava foramen Esophageal hiatus Aortic hiatus
34
Vena cava foramen
Opening in the diaphragm Where the IVC and Phrenic nerve travel through At the T8 level
35
Esophageal hiatus
Where the esophagus enters | at T10 level
36
Aortic hiatus
Where aorta travels through At T12 level 2 long cruca on either side -L1-3 and intervertebral disc attachments -posterior-inferior attachment of the diaphargm
37
What innervated the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve - goes through the Vena cava foramen with the IVC - arises from C3-5
38
What can happen from a cervical spinal cord injury?
The phrenic nerve can be damaged, leading to paralysis of diaphragmatic respiration; more specifically inhalation, because diaphragm constriction causes inhalation.
39
What are the muscles on the posterior abdominal wall?
``` Diaphragm Transversus abdominus Psoas major Psoas minor Iliacus ```
40
Vasculature of the Posterior Abdominal wall
Lumbar arteries -4 paris on the lateral aspects of the aorta (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) -superior to the bifurcation Drains via the IVC
41
What are the nerves of the posterior abdominal wall?
``` Subcostal n Iliohypogastric n Ilioinguinal n Genitofemoral n Lateral femoral cutaneous n Femoral n Lumbosacral trunk ```
42
Subcostal n. level
T12
43
Subcostal n motor supply
``` External Oblique m Internal Oblique m Pyramidalis m Rectus abdominus m Quadratus lumborum m ```
44
Subcostal n sensory supply
Anterior/lateral abdominal wall
45
Subcostal n course
Emerge from 1 cm inferior to 12th rib
46
Iliohypogastric n level
L1
47
Iliohypogastric n motor supply
abdominal muscles
48
Iliohypogastric n sensory supply
Skin of suprapubic | Abdominal muscles
49
Iliohypogastric n course
Common trunk with ilioinguinal just inferior to medial arcurate ligament
50
Ilioinguinal n level
L1
51
Ilioinguinal n motor supply
Abdominal muscles
52
Ilioinguinal n sensory supply
Inguinal canal | Abdominal muscles
53
Ilioinguinal n course
Common trunk with iliohypogastric, just inferior to medial arcurate ligament
54
Genitofemoral n level
L1-L2
55
Genitofemoral n motor supply
Cremaster muscle
56
Genitofemoral n sensory supply
Skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament
57
Genitofemoral n course
Pierces the Psoas major muscle, descends anteriorly and splits into genital and femoral branches
58
Lateral cutaneous femoral n level
L2-L3
59
Lateral cutaneous femoral n motor supply
none
60
Lateral cutaneous femoral n sensory supply
anterior/lateral skin of the thigh
61
Lateral cutaneous femoral n course
Descends anterior to iliacus muscle and passes deep to the deep inguinal ring inferior to ASIS
62
Femoral n level
L2-L4
63
Femoral n motor supply
Anterior thigh
64
Femoral n sensory supply
Anterior thigh
65
Femoral n course
Between iliacus m and Psoas major muscle inferiorly through the obturator foramen
66
Lumbosacral trunk level
L4-L5
67
Lumbosacral trunk supply
Provides general contributions to lumbar-sacral plexus
68
Lumbosacral trunk course
Trunk crosses over the ala of the sacrum, and descends into the pelvis to form the sacral plexus

Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 (13 decks)

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