Histology of the Urinary System

Question 1

Function of the kidneys

Answer 1

Filter Blood
Dispose Nitrogenous Waste
Regulate balance of H20 electrolite

Question 2

Contents of the Outer layer of the Renal capsuel

Answer 2

Lots of Collagen Fibers

Some fibroblasts

Question 3

Contents of the Inner Layer of the Renal capsule

Answer 3

Fewer collagen

Lots of Fibroblasts

Question 4

Macroscopic Structures of the Medulla

Answer 4

Renal Pyramids

Renal Columns

Question 5

Renal Pyramids

Answer 5

Base faces cortex

Apex is the renal medulla

Question 6

Renal Columns

Answer 6

In between the Pryamids

Question 7

Histology of the Renal Cortex

Answer 7

Renal Corpuscles

Associated tubules

Question 8

Histology of the Medulla

Answer 8

Straight tubules leading to the papilla
Collecting ducts
Vasa recta

Question 9

Contents of a Renal Lobe

Answer 9

Renal Pyramid
Overlying Renal Cortex
Half of each adjacent renal column

Question 10

Vascular Drainage to/from Kidneys

Answer 10

Aorta to
Renal a to
Segmental a to
Lobar a to
Interlobar a to
Arcurate a to
Lobular a to
Interlobular a to
Afferent arteriole to Glomerular capillaries to
Efferent arterioles to Peritubular capillaries and Vasa recta to
Interlobular v to
Lobular v to
Arcurate v to
Interlobar v to 
Renal vein to 
IVC

Question 11

Filtration of the Kidney

Answer 11

Fluid is squeezed of the glomerular capillary bed

Question 12

Reabsorption of the kidney

Answer 12

Most nutrients, water, and essential ions are returned to the blood of the peritubular capillaries

Question 13

Secretion of the Kidney

Answer 13

Moves additional undesirable molecules into tubule from blood of the peritubular capillaries

Question 14

Nephron

Answer 14

Structural and functional unit of the kidney

Question 15

Parts of the Nephron

Answer 15

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Tubule

Question 16

Renal Corpuscle

Answer 16

Filtration site in the Nephron

Question 17

Renal Tubule

Answer 17

Site of reabsorption and secretion of the Nephron

Question 18

Where does a nephron drain

Answer 18

Collecting tubule

Question 19

Collecting duct

Answer 19

Multiple nephrons drain into 1 collecting duct

Question 20

Renal Corpuscle

Answer 20

Where glomerular filtration occurs

Question 21

What are the 2 parts of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 21

Glomerulus

Bowman’s Capsule

Question 22

Glomerulus

Answer 22

Tuft of capillaries comprised of 10-20 capillary loops

Glomerular cappilaries are supplied by an afferent arteriole and drained by an efferent arteriole

Question 23

Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 23

Double walled epithelium that surrounds glomerulus

Question 24

What are the 2 layers of Bowman’s Capsule?

Answer 24

Visceral layer = external

Parietal layer = internal

Question 25

Vascular pole

Answer 25

Part of renal capsule where afferent and efferent arterioles enter/exit

Question 26

Urinary pole

Answer 26

Part of renal capsule where filtrate exits Bowman's space and enters Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 27

Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule

Answer 27

Modified simple squamous epithelial cells - Podocuytes

Question 28

Pedicels

Answer 28

Extensions of Podocytes

Question 29

Filtration slit

Answer 29

Space between Pedicels

Question 30

Slit diaphragm

Answer 30

Semipermiable membrane covering filtration slits

Question 31

Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule

Answer 31

Made of Simple Squamous epithelium

Question 32

Renal Tubules

Answer 32

Where tubular reabsorption and secretion occurs | Consists of Proximal convoluted tubules, Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules

Question 33

Proximal Convoluted tubules Histology

Answer 33

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Long Microvilli - Brush Border fuzzy appearance of slides

Question 34

Loop of Henle contents

Answer 34

Thick descending limb Thin descending limb Thin ascending limb Thick ascending limb

Question 35

Thick descending limb cell type

Answer 35

Simple cuboidal epihelium

Question 36

Thin descending limb cell type

Answer 36

Simple Squamous epithelium

Question 37

Thin Ascending limb cell type

Answer 37

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 38

Thick Ascending limb cell type

Answer 38

Simple cuboidle epithelium

Question 39

Distal Convoluted Tubule Histology

Answer 39

Simple Cuboidal epithelium - smaller than PCT Lots of mitochondria Fewer microvilli

Question 40

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Answer 40

Structure where afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending limb of Loop of Henle Juxtaglomerular cells + Macula densa

Question 41

Macula densa

Answer 41

Thickened part of ascending limb of Loop of Henle

Question 42

Juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 42

Cells that are modified muscle cells in afferent arteriole near Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 43

Collecting ducts

Answer 43

Collect urine from DCT

Question 44

Collecting ducts cell tupe

Answer 44

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 45

Urine drainage

Answer 45

``` Collecting tubule to Collecting duct to Papillary duct to Minor Calyx to Major Calyx to Renal Pelvis to Ureter to Bladder to Urethra ```

Question 46

Ureter

Answer 46

Muscular tube 10-12 inches | Peristalsis propels urine from kidney to bladder

Question 47

Muscular layers of the Ureter and Urethra

Answer 47

Inner longitudinal Outer Circular Outermost longitudinal

Question 48

Divisions of the male Urethra

Answer 48

Postatic Membranous Spongy

Question 49

Cells of Prostatic urethra

Answer 49

Urothelium

Question 50

Cells of the Membranous Urethra

Answer 50

Stratified columnar | Pseudostratified columnar

Question 51

Cells of the Spongy Urethra

Answer 51

Stratified columnar | Pseudostratified columnar

Question 52

Female urethra cell type

Answer 52

Initially urothelium, then stratified squamous distally