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Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 > Development of the Digestive System > Flashcards

Development of the Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

When does lateral and caudal folding occur?

A

Week 4

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2
Q

How does body folding play a role in forming the primordial gut?

A

During folding, endoderm from the dorsal portion of the yolksac is incorporated into the embryo as the innermost lining of the gut tube (epithelial lining and glands of the GI tract)

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3
Q

Vitelline duct

A

Connection of the midgut to the yolksac

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4
Q

What are the boundaries of the Foregut?

A

Rostal - Oropharyngeal membrane

Caudal - Rostral edge of the Vitelline duct

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5
Q

What is the arterial supply for the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

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6
Q

What are the boundaries for the midgut?

A

Rostral - Rostral edge of Vitelline duct

Caudal - Caudal edge of Vitelline duct

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7
Q

What is the arterial supply for the mdigut

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

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8
Q

What are the boundaries for the hindgut?

A

Rostral - Caudal edge of the Vitelline duct

Caudal - Cloacal membrane

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9
Q

What is the arterial supply for the hundgut?

A

Inferior Mesenteric artery

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10
Q

What does the endoderm contribute to the GI tract?

A

Epithelial lining

Glands of the GI tract

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11
Q

What does the Mesoderm (splanchnic) contribute to the GI tract?

A

Smooth muscles and connective tissue of the GI tract (includes peritoneum and mesenteries)

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12
Q

What does the Neural Crest (ectoderm) contribute to the GI tract?

A

Enteric nervous system

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13
Q

What is the result for nerual crest cells failing to migrate to the GI tract?

A

Hirschsprung’s Disease

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14
Q

Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

Aganglionic portion severly constricts

Bowels distend proximal to constriction, causing no peristalsis. This leads to sever constipation and failure to thrive

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15
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal) and organs (visceral)

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16
Q

Mesentary

A

Double layer of peritoneum that suspends organs from the body wall
Connective tissue, vessels, nerves, and lymphatics are located here

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17
Q

What does the Greater Omentum develop from?

A

From the dorsal mesogastirum

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18
Q

What does the Lesser Omentum develop from?

A

From the ventral mesogastrium

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19
Q

What does the Falciform ligament develop from?

A

From the ventral mesogastrium

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20
Q

How does the lower respiratory tract arise?

A

At week 4, a respiratory diverticulum appears on the ventral side of the forgeut (becomes the trachea, lungs, and respiratory tree)
It separates from the esophagus by pinching of membrane on lateral intersection of diverticulum/esophagus

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21
Q

What is a tracheoesophageal fistula

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A

A hole form trachea to esophagus

If tracheoesophageal ridges fail to fuse together to form a septum

22
Q

Esophageal atresia

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A

Localized absence of esophageal lumen due to poor recanalization of epithelial plug
Superior esophagus becomes a dead-end pouch, leading to polyhydraminos

23
Q

Polyhydraminos

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A

Excess of amniotic fluid in amniotic cavity

24
Q

How does the dorsal mesogastrium change with growth and rotation of the stomach and duodenum?

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A

The dorsal mesogastrium is carried to the patient’s left as the stomach rotates

25
Omental bursa
Recess between the stomach and posterior abdominal wall
26
Right vagus nerve innervation of the stomach
Dorsal stomach (greater curvature)
27
Left vagus nerve innervation fo the stomach
Ventral stomach (lesser curvature)
28
Pyloric stenosis
A birth defect where the pylorus is narrowed by excessive smooth muscle constriction - leading to the inability to digest, causing hardcore projectile vomiting
29
How would you fix a pyloric stenosis
Surgical intervention 2-5 weeks after birth to mechanically open the pylorus
30
How would vomit of pyloric stenosis compare to that of an infant with duodenal atresia?
Bile duct is located in the duodenum, so duodenal atresia vomitus contains bile causing it to look green-ish
31
Development of Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts
Hepatic diverticulum of distal foregut | Emerges ventrally from endoderm in week 4, grows superiorly toward septum transversarium
32
Development of Pancreas
Forms from the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds Dorsal bud connects to duodenum directly Ventral bud is connected to the bile duct As the duodenum rotates, the ventral bud swings around clockwise under the dorsal bud, then fuse
33
How does an annular pancreas develop?
The ventral bud can sometimes be 2 lobes instead of 1 Multiple ventral lobes can wra around in separate directions and end up hugging the dupdenum and obstructing it One lobe goes clockwise, the other counter clockwise
34
What structure serves as the aaxis of rotation for the midgut?
Superior Mesenteric Artery
35
What is the normal rotation of the midgut?
2 rotations: 1st (week 6): 90 degrees CCW 2nd (week 10): 180 degrees CCW (net of 90 degrees CW)
36
What does normal rotation of the midgut lead to?
Ascending and descending colons being secondarily peritoneal
37
What is nonrotation of the midgut?
The first rotation occurs, but the second does not | The colon is on the left side only
38
What is reverse rotation of the midgut?
The first rotation occurs normally, but the second rotation occurs clockwise Duodenum is now ventral to transverse colon
39
What are the 2 types of umbilical herniation?
Omphalocele | Gastroschisis
40
When does an omphalocele occur?
Week 10
41
When does a Gastrochisis occur?
Week 4
42
Describe an Omphalocoele
Heniation of GI organs Medially placed herniated umbilicus Outpouched peritoneum
43
Describe a Gastrochisis
Herniation of GI organs | Laterally placed herniated abdominal wall, no overlying tissue
44
Which umbilical herniation is larger?
Omphalocoele
45
What is recanilization in normal gut formation?
Intestines become occluded by epithelial cells (epithelial plug) at week 8 The plug recanalizes via vacuole formation by the end of week 8
46
What are vacuoles role in the recanalization of the epithelial plug?
The vacuoles connect to make a hollow, yet rough endoderm
47
Stenosis
Insufficient recanalization of epilithelial plug
48
Meckel's Diverticulum
Remnant of Vitelline duct | An outpouching of the ileum 40-60 cm from ileocecal juncation
49
What are some complications of Meckel's Diverticulum?
May contain pancreatic tissue or gastric mucosa that secretes acid, causing bleeding and ulcers
50
Urorectal Septum
Physical barrier between primitive urogenital sinus and hindgut Grows inferiorly toward cloacal membrane, dividing it into urogenital and anal membranes, and partitioning the urogenital sinus and anorectal canal

Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 (13 decks)

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