Anterior and Middle Thigh (Lecture)

Question 1

In what direction do the upper and lower limbs rotate during development?

Answer 1

laterally and medially respectively

Question 2

Inferiorly, the fascia lata is continuous with what?

Answer 2

cural fascia of the leg

Question 3

What is the lateral thickening of the fascia lata called?

Answer 3

Iliotibial tract

Question 4

What muscles have a conjoint aponeurosis that forms the tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus muscles?

Answer 4

Iliotibial tract

Question 5

What specialized fascia overlies the origin of the gluteus medius muscle?

Answer 5

Gluteal aponeurosis

Question 6

What role does the fascia lata play in making sure that blood from the legs is returned to the heart?

Answer 6

It prevents muscles from bulging outwards so that they squeeze the deep veins of the leg that are under the fascia to return blood to the heart

Question 7

What is the role of perforating veins?

Answer 7

They connect the superficial an deep veins of the leg

Question 8

Why are perforating veins important for getting blood back to the heart?

Answer 8

They move blood from superficial veins (great saphenous and lesser saphenous) into the deeper femoral vein which is under the fascia lata and is compressed by muscles moving the blood towards the heart

Question 9

The great saphenous vein carries blood from __________ to ____________?

Answer 9

Dorsal venous arch on the foot to the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

Question 10

What two veins join to create the great saphenous vein?

Answer 10

dorsal vein of the great toe and the dorsal veinous arch

Question 11

What two structures merge to form the small saphenous vein?

Answer 11

dorsal vein on the small toe and the dorsal venous arch

Question 12

What happens when perforating veins fail to shunt blood to the deep venous system?

Answer 12

Causes superficial veins to enlarge, making valves deficient

Question 13

T or F: valves are more numerous in superficial veins than deep veins?

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What causes varicose veins?

Answer 14

Valve deficiencies from enlarged veins allow the blood to flow backwards

Question 15

What are the four compartments of the lower extremity?

Answer 15

anterior, posterior, medial, and gluteal compartments

Question 16

In general what is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the knee?

Answer 16

Knee extension and hip flexion

Question 17

In general what is the function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the knee?

Answer 17

adduction and medial rotation, some hip hip flexion

Question 18

In general what is the function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the knee?

Answer 18

Flexion of the knee, extend hip, medial/lateral rotation

Question 19

In general what is the function of the muscles in the gluteal compartment of the knee?

Answer 19

Extension of the hip and adbuction

Question 20

What separates the vastus lateralis from the biceps femoris?

Answer 20

Lateral intermuscular septum

Question 21

Where does the lateral intermuscular septum exten from and attach to?

Answer 21

from iliotibial tract to the lateral lip of the linea aspera

Question 22

What lies between vastus medialis and the adductor group?

Answer 22

Medial intermuscular septum

Question 23

Where does the medial intermuscular septum attach?

Answer 23

medial lip of the linea aspera

Question 24

What is sandwiched by the adductor magnus and the semimembranosus muscle?

Answer 24

Posterior intermuscular septum

Question 25

What innervates the muscles of the gluteal/lateral compartment?

Answer 25

direct branches of the lumbosacral plexus

Question 26

What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment?

Answer 26

femoral N (except psoas major)

Question 27

What is the primary innervation of the medial compartment?

Answer 27

obturator N

Question 28

What is/are the primary innervation of the posterior compartment?

Answer 28

tibial N, and common fibular N (components of sciatic N)

Question 29

What innervates the iliopsoas muscle?

Answer 29

ventral rami L1-L3

Question 30

Which heads of the quads cross the knew?

Answer 30

all 4

Question 31

What is the major difference between sartorius and quardiceps?

Answer 31

sartorius acts in flexion of the knee.

Question 32

What three muscles attach to the pes anserinus?

Answer 32

Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitenodinosus

Question 33

What is the order of attachment from anterior to posterior of the muscles attached to the pes anserinus?

Answer 33

Sartorius, Gracilis, and semitendinosus

Question 34

Does the common tendon of the iliopsoas muscles travel superficially or deep to the inguinal ligament?

Answer 34

Deep

Question 35

What can a hypertrophied iliopsoas muscle impinge on?

Answer 35

femoral N and lateral femoral cutaneous N

Question 36

What is the longest muscle in the human body?

Answer 36

Sartorius

Question 37

What muscle is located deep to rector femoris?

Answer 37

vastus intermedius

Question 38

What are the 6 muscles of the medial compartment?

Answer 38

pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis, obturator externus, adductor magnus

Question 39

What are the most superficial muscles of the medial compartment?

Answer 39

pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis

Question 40

What are the deep muscles in the medial compartment?

Answer 40

Obturator extenus, adductor magnus

Question 41

What is the intermediate muscle in the medial compartment?

Answer 41

adductor brevis

Question 42

What two muscles of the medial compartment are not innervated by the obturator n?

Answer 42

pectineus (femoral n.) | Hamstring part of adductor magnus (tibial n)

Question 43

What muscles of the medial compartment cross the hip joint?

Answer 43

ALL

Question 44

What muscles of the medial compartment cross the knee joint?

Answer 44

gracilis

Question 45

What two muscles of the medial compartment are not medial rotators?

Answer 45

``` obturator extenus (lateral rotator) gracilis (negligable leverage) ```

Question 46

What creates the boundaries of the adductor haitus?

Answer 46

adductor and hamstring parts of the adductor magnus

Question 47

What goes through the adductor hiatus?

Answer 47

femoral vessels to enter popliteal fossa

Question 48

The adductor brevis is sandwiched between what two nerves?

Answer 48

Anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator N.

Question 49

What is the sensory branch of the femoral N?

Answer 49

saphenous N

Question 50

What muscle is often pierced by the posterior division of the obturator N?

Answer 50

obturator extenus

Question 51

T or F: the saphenous N. enters the skin at the proximal end of the adductor canal

Answer 51

False, enters at the distal end

Question 52

What important structures are found in the femoral triangle (medial to lateral).

Answer 52

Empty space & Lymph Node (medial), Fem. Vein (middle comp), Fem. Artery (medial comp), femoral N.

Question 53

Of the structures in the femoral triangle, which does not reside in the femoral sheath?

Answer 53

femoral N.

Question 54

What kind of hernia occurs when bowels pass through the saphenous opening below the inguinal ligament?

Answer 54

femoral hernia

Question 55

What is the lateral border of the adductor canal?

Answer 55

Vastus medialis muscle

Question 56

What is the medial border of the adductor canal?

Answer 56

Adductor longus and adductor magnus

Question 57

What is the roof of the adductor canal?

Answer 57

sartorius muscle

Question 58

What is contained in the adductor canal?

Answer 58

femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve (cutaneous branch of femoral n.), nerve to vastus medialis (motor branch of femoral n.)

Question 59

What happens to the fermoral artery and vein as they pass distally through the adductor hiatus?

Answer 59

they become popliteal vesses

Question 60

Just superior to the adductor tubercle is the...

Answer 60

adductor hiatus

Question 61

Where does the femoral artery give off the deep branch?

Answer 61

in the femoral triangle

Question 62

What are the two important branches off of the deep femoral artery?

Answer 62

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

Question 63

What artery is found between the pectineus and iliopsoas?

Answer 63

medial circumflex artery

Question 64

What two arteries supply blood to the medial compartment?

Answer 64

femoral artery and obturator artery

Question 65

Where is the most common fracture in a femur?

Answer 65

along intertrochanteric line

Question 66

Which of the circumflex arteries is most important for serving the head of the femur?

Answer 66

medial

Question 67

When trying to stop bleeding where should you press to cut off blood supply to the femoral artery?

Answer 67

between ASIS and pubic tubercle, this presses the artery against the pubic ramus

Question 68

What nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral thigh?

Answer 68

Lateral femoral cutaneous N

Question 69

What nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the medial thigh?

Answer 69

Cutaneous branches of the femoral N.

Question 70

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to an oval region on the medial aspect of the lower thigh?

Answer 70

Obturator N

Question 71

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial lower leg?

Answer 71

Saphenous N

Question 72

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral lower leg?

Answer 72

cutaneous branches of the tibial and common fibular N

Question 73

What nerve can be injured during surgery or childbirth and also from tumors, pelvic fractures, and diabetes?

Answer 73

Obturator - specific to the first two

Question 74

What vein runs medially on the anterior side of the leg?

Answer 74

great saphenous

Question 75

T or F: the femor articulates with both the tibia and fibula

Answer 75

false - it only articulates with the tibia

Question 76

What descends on the lateral margin of the lower limb from the tuberculum of the iliac crest to the bony attachment just below the knee?

Answer 76

Iltiotibial tract

Question 77

What vein runs superficially medial/lateral on the posterior side of the leg?

Answer 77

small saphenous vein

Question 78

What muscles are contained in the anterior compartment

Answer 78

sartorius, quads, terminal ends of psoas major and illiacus

Question 79

What are the muscles of the medial compartment?

Answer 79

gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus

Question 80

What nerve supplies most of the anterior compartment?

Answer 80

femoral

Question 81

what nerve supplies most of the medial compartment?

Answer 81

obutrator

Question 82

What muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 82

hamstrings

Question 83

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 83

scaitic n

Question 84

What is the main function of muscles in the anterior compartment?

Answer 84

knee extensors and secondary hip flexors

Question 85

What is the primary function of the medial compartment?

Answer 85

adduction and medial rotation