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Gross > Anterior and Posterior Abdominal Wall and Diaphragm > Flashcards

Anterior and Posterior Abdominal Wall and Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the abdomen between?

A

The thorax and the pelvis

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2
Q

What are the 2 rigid structures that the truck is between?

A

The thoracic cage and the pelvic girdle

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3
Q

What direction does the musculoaponeurotic walls lie?

A

Anterolaterally

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4
Q

What does the diaphragm cover?

A
  • The anatomical thoracic outlet

- Separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities

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5
Q

The pelvic floor muscles lie _______ and attach to _______

A

Lie inferiorly and attach to the bony ring of the pelvic girdle

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6
Q

Are the abdomen and pelvis continuous?

A

Yes- abdominopelvic cavity

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7
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the abdomen?

A

The lumbar section of the vertebral column

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8
Q

What controls the internal pressure? (Intra-abdominal pressure?)

A

Voluntary or reflexively by the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and anterolateral muscular walls

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9
Q

What are the 2 planes that divide the 4 quadrants?

A
  • Median Plane

- Transumbilical Plane

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10
Q

What planes/lines make up the 9 regions of the body?

A
  • 2 vertical midclavicular lines
  • Subcostal plane
  • Transtubercular plane
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11
Q

This plane touches the inferior border of the 10th costal cartilage on both sides

  • Above the belly button
  • At the inferior border of costal margin
A

Subcostal plane

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12
Q

This is the horizontal plane that goes through the body of the 5th lumbar vertebrae
-Below the belly button and passing through the tubercle of the ilium on the iliac crest

A

Transtubercular plane

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13
Q

Upper right and left regions

A

R&L Hypochondriac region

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14
Q

Middle right and left regions

A

R&R Lumbar regions

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15
Q

Lower right and left regions

A

R&L Inguinal regions

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16
Q

Starting from the upper middle, name the regions from top to bottom

A
  • Epigastric region
  • Umbilical region
  • Hypogastric region
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17
Q

This plane is halfway between the jugular notch and the upper border of the symphysis pubis

A

Transpyloric plane

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18
Q

This plane is a transverse plane which transverses the anterior superior iliac spines

A

Interspinous plane

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19
Q

What does gravity do to viscera?

A

Pulls it downward, so the organs that are in the regions are for laying down in anatomical position

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20
Q

What is the right upper quadrant?

A
  • Liver (right lobe)
  • Gallbladder
  • Stomach (pylorus)
  • Duodenum (parts 1-3)
  • Pancreas (head)
  • Right suprarenal gland
  • Right kidney
  • Right colic flexure
  • Superior part of ascending colon
  • Transverse colon (right half)
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21
Q

What is in the left upper quadrant?

A
  • Liver (left lobe)
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Jejunum and ileum
  • Pancreas (body and tail)
  • Left kidney
  • Left suprarenal gland
  • Left colic flexure
  • Transverse colon
  • Superior part of descending colon
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22
Q

What is in the right lower quandrant?

A
  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • Ilium
  • Inferior ascending colon
  • Right ovary
  • Right uterine tube
  • Right ureter
  • Right spermatic cord
  • Uterus
  • Bladder
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23
Q

What is in the left lower quadrant?

A
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Descending colon
  • Left ovary
  • Left uterine tube
  • Left ureter
  • Left spermatic cord
  • Uterus
  • Bladder
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24
Q

The abdominal wall is _______ but distinctions are made between the ____ _____ _____ ____ walls

A

Continuous

-anterior, posterior, right and left walls

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25
Q

What are the actions of the anteriolateral abdominal wall?

A
  • Form a strong expandable support
  • Protect abdominal viscera
  • Oppose the diaphragm
  • Move the truck/posture
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26
Q

What is the superior border of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Cartilages of ribs 7-10 and the xiphoid process

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27
Q

What is the inferior border of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Inguinal ligament

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28
Q

Hands in pockets=

A

External oblique

29
Q

Hands in prayer=

A

Internal oblique

30
Q

Horizontal fibers=

A

Transverse abdominous

31
Q

This is the main muscle of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Rectus abdominus

32
Q

What incases the rectus abdominus muscle?

A

Rectus sheath

33
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominus muscle?

A
  • Compress the viscera

- Flex the truck in the lumbar region

34
Q

This muscle is often absent, but it is a very small paired muscle that is most anterior and inferior
-it draws the linea alba toward the pubis

A

Pyramidalis

35
Q

External oblique attachments

A
  • Ribs 5-12
  • To the iliac crest and the pubis
  • Attaches to the linea alba
36
Q

This is when the aponeurotic fibers from side to side and superficial to deep thicken in the midline

A

Linea alba

37
Q

This is the lateral limit of the rectus sheath and it is more apparent in lean people

A

Linea semilunaris

38
Q
  • This structure holds down the structures passing between the pubis and the thigh
  • Thickening of the external oblique aponeurosis
A

Inguinal ligament

39
Q

What muscles attach to the inguinal ligament?

A

deepest 2 flat muscles

40
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament run?

A

ASIS to the pubic tubercle

41
Q

These are the grooves between the rectus abdmonius muscle

-Define the six pack

A

Tendonous intersections

42
Q

What is contained in the rectus sheath?

A
  • Rectus abdominous m
  • Pyramidalis m
  • Superior and inferior epigastric arteries and veins
43
Q

The hand thing with rectus sheath, what are the layers?

A
  • External oblique
  • Anterior internal oblique muscles
  • Rectus Abdominous
  • Posterior internal oblique muscles
  • Transverse abdominis
44
Q

From 1/3 of the way between the umbilicus to the pubic crest, all layers of the aponeourosis only pass _____ to the rectus muscle

A

Anteriorly

45
Q

What is the posterior part of the rectus abdominous muscle covered by?

A

Transversalis fascia

46
Q

What is the line of demarcation when the aponeourosis dive anteriorly called?

A

Arcuate line

47
Q

What are the main arteries that supply the abdominal wall?

A
  • Musculophrenic a
  • Superior epigastric a
  • Posterior intercostals a
  • Superficial epigastric a
  • Inferior epigastric a
  • Circumflex iliacs (superficial and deep)
48
Q

What are the branches of the internal thoracic artery

A

-Musculophrenic and superior epigastric a

49
Q

What is the branch off of the abdominal aorta

A

Posterior intercostal a

50
Q

What are the branches off of external iliac/femoral a?

A
  • Superficial epigastric
  • Circumflex iliac
  • Inferior epigastric
51
Q

What are the veins of the abdomen wall

A
  • Correspond with the arteries
  • Thoraco-epigastric v
  • Paraumbilical veins
52
Q

What nerves travel with the posterior thoracic wall?

A

T7-T12 anterior rami

53
Q

______ nerves reach the costal margin and continue traveling anteromedially as the ________ nerves

A
  • Lower intercostal nerves

- Thoracoabdominal nerves

54
Q

Do these nerves participate in plexus formation?

A

NOPE

55
Q

What does the L1 nerve split into?

A
  • Iliohypogastric n

- Ilioinguinal n

56
Q

Are the dermatomes clean cut or shady in the abdomen?

A

Clean cut

57
Q

Where do the intercostal nerves travel between?

A

The internal and innermost intercostal muscles

58
Q

The nerves continue to travel between…

A

Internal oblique and transverse abdominus (the inner 2 most layers)

59
Q

These nerves emerge in the anterior axillary line and bifurcate into anterior and posterior divisions

A

Lateral cutaneous branches

60
Q

These nerves pierce the rectus sheath close to the midline

A

Anterior cutaneous nerve branches

61
Q

The inguinal canal is ____ & ______ to the inguinal ligament

A

Parallel and superior to the inguinal ligament

62
Q

The 3 layers of the abdominal wall have holes forming the canal at ______ intervals

A

Staggered

63
Q

This is where deep fibers of the inguinal ligament attach to the superior pubic ramus and form the medial border of the subingunal triangle

A

Lacunar ligament

64
Q

This is a thickened inferior margin of the transversalis fascia
-seen where the inguinal ligament would be if it were viewed from the inside

A

Iliopubic tract

65
Q

These are part of the external oblique aponeourosis which surround the superficial inguinal ring

A

Lateral and medial crura and intracrural fibers

66
Q

This is a medial reinforcement of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal formed by the fused aponeorsis of the internal oblique and transverse abddominus

A

-Inguinal falx (conjoint tendon)

67
Q

What lies in the lateral umbilical folds

A

Inferior epigastric a & v

-conduct blood

68
Q

What lies in the medial umbilical folds

A
  • Obliterated umbilical arteries

- from fetal life

69
Q

What lies in the middle umbilical fold

A

Obliterated urachus, a duct that connected the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

Gross (45 decks)

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