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Back Cont. Flashcards

1
Q

This ligament joins the laminae of adjacent vertebral arches

A

Ligamentum flavum (pl)

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2
Q

This ligament runs from the sacrum to C7 on the spinous processes

A

Supraspinous Ligament

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3
Q

This ligament is continuous with the supraspinous ligament and it runs from C7 to the external occipital protuberance of the occipital bone

A

Nuchal Ligament

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4
Q

This ligament lies between the spinous processes and deep to the supraspinous ligament

A

Interspinous ligament

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5
Q

This ligament lies between the transverse processes

-it limits side bending to the opposite side

A

Intertransverse Ligament

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6
Q

What are the 5 ligaments that function to limit flexion?

A
  1. Ligamentum flavum
  2. Supraspinous ligament
  3. Nuchal Ligament
  4. Interspinous process
  5. Intertransverse Ligament
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7
Q

What are the craniovertebral joints?

A
  • Atlanto-occipital joints

- Atlanto-axial joint

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8
Q

Describe the atlanto-occipital joint

A

Between the occipital condyles and the superior articular facet of C1

  • Synovial Joint
  • -> Condyloid Joint
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9
Q

What movement is the atlanto-occipital joint responsible for?

A
  • Yes motion

- Slight lateral flexion

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10
Q

What are the 3 atlanto-axial joints?

A
  • 1 median atlanto-axial joint

- 2 lateral atlanto-axial joints

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11
Q

Describe the median atlanto-occipital joints

A
  • Synovial Joint

- -> Pivot (around the dens)

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12
Q

What movement can the median atlanto-occipital joints do?

A
  • no movement

- rotation of head

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13
Q

Describe the lateral atlanto-axial joints

A
  • 2 planar facet joints
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14
Q

What movement can the lateral atlanto-axial joints go?

A

-rotation of the head

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15
Q

This ligament runs on the anterior side of the vertebrae from the sacrum to C2

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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16
Q

This ligament is continuous with the anterior longitudinal ligament
- it runs from C2-C1

A

Anterior Atlanto-axial membrane

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17
Q

This ligament is continuous with the anterior longitudinal ligament
-it runs from C1 to the basilar part of the occipital bone

A

Anterior Atlanto-occipital membrane

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18
Q

This ligament runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

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19
Q

This ligament is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament and runs from C2 to the basilar part of the occipital bone

A

Tectorial Membrane

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20
Q

This ligament is continuous with the Ligamentum flavum and the posterior atlanto-axial membrane

A

Posterior atlanto-axial membrane

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21
Q

What type of movement does the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane limit?

A

Limits head flexion

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22
Q

What 2 ligaments make up the cruciate ligament?

A
  1. Transverse ligament of the atlas

2. Longitudinal Bands

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the cruciate ligament?

A

Holds C1 and C2 together

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24
Q

This ligament extends from the sides of the dens to the axis to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum

A

Alar ligaments

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25
What is the purpose of the alar ligaments?
Attach the cranium to the C1 vertebra and act as check ligaments for preventing excessive rotation of the joints
26
How are typical vertebras supplied by blood?
By segmental arteries
27
Describe segmental arteries
Arteries that stem off of the vertebral artery and go up and down the spinal column - through anastomoses - provide redundancy (so if there is damage you can still deliver blood) - Paired and arise from the aorta and vertebral artery
28
Where do spinal branches enter to reach the vertebral canal?
Enter the 4 foramina to reach the vertebral canal
29
What does radicular arteries mean?
That the arteries follow the nerve roots and go to the spinal cord
30
What does the term extrinsic back muscles mean?
Act on upper extremities - superficial and intermediate - limb and respiratory movements
31
What does the term intrinsic back muscles mean?
Move vertebral column - deep - act on vertebral column - move vertebral column and posture
32
What back muscles cause elevation of the scapula (4)
1. Trapezius (descending part) 2. Levator scapulae 3. Rhomboids (major and minor)
33
What back muscles cause depression of the scapula? (2)
1. Latissimus dorsi | 2. Trapezius (ascending part)
34
What muscles cause protraction of the scapula? (1)
1. Serratus anterior
35
What back muscles cause retraction of the scapula? (3)
1. Trapezius (middle part) 2. Rhomboids 3. Latissimus Dorsi
36
What back muscles cause upward rotation of the scapula?
1. Trapezius (descending part) | 2. Trapezius (ascending part)
37
What back muscles cause downward rotation of the scapula? (3)
1. Levator scapulae 2. Rhomboids 3. Latissimus Dorsi
38
What muscles are included in the erector spinae group?
1. Iliocostalis 2. Longissimus 3. Spinalis
39
What regions are included in the spinalis group?
- Thoracis - Cervicis - Capitis
40
What regions are included in the longissimus group?
- Thoracis - Cervicis - Capitis
41
What regions are included in the iliocostalis group?
- Lumborum - Thoracis - Cervicis
42
What is the main movement of the erector spinae group?
- Bilateral- extensors of the back | - Unilateral-side flexion (ipsilaterally)
43
How much do I love youuuuu?!
I love you times a million :)
44
What muscles make up the transverospinalis group?
- Multifidus - Semispinalis - Rotatores Longus and Brevis - Minor group (interspinalis, intertransversarii, and levatores costarum)
45
What muscles are included in the suboccipital region?
- Rectus capitus posterior major - -Rectus capitus posterior minor - Obliquus capitus inferior - Obliquus capitus superior
46
What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?
- Rectus capitus posterior major - Obliquus capitus inferior - Obliquus capitus superior
47
What is between the suboccipital triangle?
- Vertebral artery | - Suboccipital nerve
48
What is the action of the 4 suboccipital muscles
- Keep head level | - Move atlanto-axial and -occipital joints
49
Approximately where is the occipital artery?
On the external part of the occipital bone
50
Approximately where is the greater occipital nerve?
Superior to C2
51
This starts at the foramen magnum but doesn't pass through it
Spinal cord
52
This ends at the foramen magnum but doesn't pass through ot
Medulla oblongata
53
Where does the spinal cord end?
The conus medullaris- about L1 level (in newborns it is around L2 or L3)
54
What are the 2 enlargements?
- Cervical | - Lumbosacral
55
Why do we have a cervical enlargement?
Reflects the density of the innervation for the upper limb
56
Why do we have a lumbosacral enlargement?
Reflects the density of the innervation of the lower limb
57
What are the vertebrae included in the cervical enlargement?
C4-T1
58
What are the vertebrae included in the lumbar enlargement?
T11-S1
59
These are nerve fibers that exit/enter the spinal cord to and from a peripheral spinal nerve
Spinal root
60
What leads into the roots?
Rootlets
61
This is the area of the cord defined by attachment of rootlets from only one spinal nerve
Spinal cord segment
62
Describe the direction that the posterior ramus travels and what does it innervate?
Exits the spinal cord and travels along the posterior and lateral part of the ribs -innervates the skin, muscles, and joints of the back
63
Describe the direction that the anterior ramus travels and what does it innervate?
Travels on the interior side of the ribs and goes to the front of the body -Branches into lateral cutaneous branch and anterior cutaneous branch
64
What does the spinal nerve wrapping around represent?
A dermatome
65
What are the 3 meninges?
- Dura Mater - Arachnoid Mater - Pia Mater
66
What are the 3 spaces?
- Extra dural - Subdural - Subarachnoid
67
What are the muscles that make up the minor group of the transversospinal group (3)
1. Interspinalis 2. Intertransversarii 3. Levatores costarum

Gross (45 decks)

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