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Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What are the numbers of the typical ribs?

A

3-9

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2
Q

Where do the ribs connect on the vertebrae?

A

The rib has 2 facets that connect to the superior facet of the same number rib and the transverse process of that same vertebrae

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3
Q

Describe the first ribs articulation

A

The 1st rib is wide, flat, and small and it only articulates with T1

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4
Q

What are the components of the sternum?

A
  • Manubrium
  • Jugular Notch
  • Sternal angle
  • Body
  • Xiphoid process
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5
Q

Describe the sternal angle

A

Where the manubrium meets the sternum at the 2nd costal cartilage

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6
Q

What is the last rib to have costal cartilage?

A

7th rib

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7
Q

How many pairs of true ribs are there?

A

7 pairs

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8
Q

Where does the superior portion of the diaphragm attach?

A

The xiphoid process (at the inferior limit of the thoracic cavity)

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9
Q

Describe the xiphoid-sternal joint

A

Connects the xiphoid process with the body of the sternum

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10
Q

What are the false ribs?

A

8, 9, 10

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11
Q

Where do the false ribs attach?

A

To the costal cartilage right above it

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12
Q

What is the costal cartilage that is connected to the false ribs called?

A

The costal margin

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13
Q

What are complications of a rib fracture?

A

-Puncture the pleura, lung, spleen, diaphragm

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14
Q

What is a median sternotomy?

A

-Surgical splitting down the middle plane

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15
Q

What are the floating ribs?

A

Ribs 11 and 12

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16
Q

Where do the floating ribs articulate?

A

Only articulate posteriorly

-anteriorly they just end up in muscle

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17
Q

What is protected by ribs 11 and 12

A

Superior parts of the kidney

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18
Q

What travels in the recess of the ribs?

A

Neurovascular bundles

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19
Q

What are the 4 joints of the thoracic wall?

A
  • Costovertebral
  • Costotransverse
  • Costochondral
  • Sternocostal
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20
Q

Describe the costovertebral joint

A

The head of the rib with the body of the vertebrae

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21
Q

What type of joint is the costovertebral

A

-Synovial–> planar

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22
Q

What types of joint are all the joints of the thoracic wall?

A

They are all different

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23
Q

Describe the costotransverse joint

A

These are between 7 and 8

-Pivot joints

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24
Q

Describe the costochondral joints

A

-only ribs 1-10

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25
What type of joints are the costochondral
- primary cartilaginous joints - synchondroses - stay cartilage throughout life
26
What type of joint is the sternocostal joint?
- The 1st rib has a synchondroses | - All the rest are synovial planar
27
What is the goal of inspiration
increase volume so pressure drops
28
What determines your longitudinal increase?
- Diaphragm - Contraction of the diaphragm makes the area longer or shorter - Breath in= diaphragm goes down
29
What controls the medial and lateral increase in size?
- The bucket handle - Used for lower ribs 8-10 - Gliding occurs on the tubercle of the first rib and the transverse processes of the vertebrae - (lifting the handle more towards the side increases the medial and lateral diameter)
30
What is responsible for the anterior and posterior increase in size?
- The pump handle - The costotransverse ligaments of ribs 4-7 - They rotate so this is why they are pivot joints - The tubercle is the main moving part
31
What does rotation at the middle thorax allow?
-For the AP to increase
32
Describe the sternoclavicular joint
- Synovial (saddle) - Functions like a ball and socket tho - Contains an articular disc
33
What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?
- Anterior - Posterior - Interclavicular
34
Describe the superior thoracic aperature
- Almost in a horizontal plane - Along the first rib and the costal cartilage and T1 vertebrae, manubrium - Nicknamed the thoracic inlet
35
Describe the inferior thoracic aperature
- Covered by the diaphragm - T11, T12, costal margin, costosternal joint, ALL,deep surface of xiphoid-sternal joint - Not in a plane - Nicknamed the thoracic outlet
36
Describe thoracic outlet syndrome
- Manifestation of the upper thorax - T1 nerve is compressed - Blood and nerve impairment - Ischemia, numbness, tingling
37
This is the musculotendoneous sheath that covers seperates the thorax from the abdomen
Diaphragm
38
Where is the hemi-diaphragm?
-5th rib and 5th costal cartilage
39
During breathing, where does your liver rise?
5th rib
40
Where does your spleen rise?
-Costal cartilage
41
Describe external intercostals
- Run supralaterally | - start at the vertebral bodies but do not do all the way to the sternum
42
How many intercostalis are there total?
22
43
What splits the innermost intercostalis?
-Split by the neurovascular structures
44
What are the internal, external, and innermost intercostalises intervated by?
Intercostal nerve
45
What is the main job of the intercostal muscles?
- Maintain tone and space - So we don't collapse or explode - Can move ribs with increased respiration need - Reflexive
46
What are the anterior axioappendicular muscles?
- Pec major and minor - Subclavius - Serratus anterior
47
Describe the significance of paralysis of the serratus anterior
- Nerve lies on the surface so it is vulnerable | - Winged scapula and lack of full abduction result
48
Describe the action of transverse thoracic muscle
- Don't have uniform action bc they are at different angles | - Mainly there for proprioception
49
Describe the subcostal muscle
- spans more than 1 intercostal space | - always ALWAYS on the posterior wall
50
Where does the diaphragm sit mostly
-On the costal margin
51
This is a musculotendonous division
Diaphragm
52
All the muscle fibers of the diaphragm attach to this
-The central tendon
53
What are the 3 components of the muscular part of the diaphragm?
- Sternal Part - Costal Part - Lumbar Part
54
What bony landmark is included in the sternal part
The xiphoid process
55
What bony landmarks are included in the costal part?
-The inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs
56
What bony landmarks are included in the lumbar part?
- Bodies of all lumbar vertebrae | - AKA CRURA
57
What provides motor innervation to the diaphragm?
-Phrenic nerve
58
Does the phrenic nerve have sensory input?
-Yes- for the pleura and the lining of the pericardium (central parts)
59
Where do the peripheral parts receive innervation from?
-Sensory from intercostal nerves
60
Describe the right crus
- Around the esophagus hiatus - Not a circular muscle - External structure that is part of the diaphragm that acts kinda like an sphincter
61
Describe the left crus
- Smaller and tighter | - Wraps around the aortic hiatus
62
What rib level is the caval hiatus found?
T8 and 9
63
What structure sits on top of the caval hiatus?
- The right atrium | - The pericardium is anchored here
64
What holds the heart to the diaphragm?
-Pericardial phrenic ligaments
65
Where does the right crus arise from?
-First 3 or 4 lumbar vertebrae
66
Where does the left crus arise from?
-The first 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae
67
What 3 things form the aortic hiatus?
- Median arcuate ligament - Right crus - Left crus
68
This is fibrous and connects the right and left crura
The median arcuate ligament
69
This is a thickening of the fascia that covers the psoas major -Spans between the lumbar vertebral bodies and the tip of the transverse processes of L1
Medial arcuate ligament
70
Where does the lateral arculate ligament span?
-L 12 transverse process to the tip of the 12th rib

Gross (45 decks)

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