Knee Cont

Question 1

What are the 2 components of the synovial joint?

Answer 1

• External fibrous capsule

- Internal synovial membrane

Question 2

Is the external fibrous capsule complete in the knee joint?

Answer 2

NO- incomplete where the popliteus tendon pierces it

Question 3

What does the synovial membrane separate?

Answer 3

The inside of the joint into medial and lateral compartments

Question 4

Infra-articular describes being within the ______

Answer 4

-Synovium

Question 5

What does the synovium line?

Answer 5

Any part of the knee that is covered with cartilage

Question 6

Posteriorly, the knee capsule is most defined, anteriorly it is not. What is continuous with the knee capsule anteriorly?

Answer 6

-The quadriceps tendon –> patella –> patellar ligament

act like the capsule

Question 7

Describe the position of the cruciate ligament

Answer 7

Intracapsular yet extra articular

-Occupy a space within the external capsule BUT not within the synovial cavity

Question 8

Are the menisci within the synovial cavity?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

What is the suprapatellar bursa continuous with?

Answer 9

Synovial cavity

Question 10

What are the 5 extracapsular ligaments of the knee?

Answer 10

• Patellar ligament
• Tibial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
• Fibular Collateral Ligament (LCL)
• Oblique Popliteal Ligament
• Arcuate Popliteal Ligament

Question 11

This is the inferior part of the quadriceps tendon that runs to the tibial tuberosity

Answer 11

Patellar tendon

Question 12

This is an extension of the vastus medialis muscle and the deep fascia

Answer 12

Medial patellar retincula

Question 13

What is the lateral patellar retinacula an extension of?

Answer 13

Vastus lateralis

Question 14

What are the roles of the medial and lateral patellar retinaculum?

Answer 14

• Contribute to joint capsule
• Maintain the alignment of the patella
• Keep the vertical ridge of the patella on the condylar groove

Question 15

This ligament rises posterior to the medial condyle of the tibia and runs superolaterally to the lateral femoral condyle and blends with the capsule joint

Answer 15

Oblique popliteal ligament

Question 16

What is the oblique popliteal ligament an extension of?

Answer 16

The semimembranosus muscle

Question 17

This ligament arises from the posterior fibular head and passes superomedially over popliteus muscle
-spreads over the posterior surface of the knee joint

Answer 17

Arcuate popliteal ligament

Question 18

What tendon goes the arcuate popliteal ligament spread over?

Answer 18

Tendon of popliteus muscle

Question 19

What movement do the oblique and arcuate ligaments prevent?

Answer 19

Prevent hyperextension

Question 20

What muscle is the arcuate ligament derieved from?

Answer 20

The biceps femorus tendon

Question 21

Describe the Tibial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

-where does it run

Answer 21

• Broad and thick

- Runs from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia

Question 22

When is the MCL taut?

Answer 22

• Full extension

- Tibial external rotation (Valgus stress- opening of the medial joint)

Question 23

What movement does the MCL limit?

Answer 23

Lateral rotation of the tibia when the knee is in flexion

Question 24

Some of the MCL fibers blend with the…

Answer 24

Medial meniscus

Question 25

What ligament is stronger, the MCL or the LCL

Answer 25

LCL is stronger

Question 26

Describe the Fibular Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Answer 26

- Thinner but stronger | - Runs from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the head of the fibula

Question 27

Do the fibers of the LCL blend with anything?

Answer 27

NOPE

Question 28

What movement does the LCL resist?

Answer 28

Varus stress | Opens up the space between the lateral condyles

Question 29

When is the LCL taut?

Answer 29

- Full extension | - Internal rotation of the tibia

Question 30

This muscle occupies the space between the LCL and the lateral menisucs

Answer 30

Popliteus muscle

Question 31

What does the LCL sit between on the head of the fibula

Answer 31

The tendons of the biceps femorus long and short head

Question 32

These structures always aintain contact between the femur and the tibia

Answer 32

Cruciate ligaments

Question 33

How are the cruciate ligaments oriented?

Answer 33

-Obliquely and they wind around eachother in rotation

Question 34

In knee flexion, _____ rotation is limited, while ____ roation is considerably more

Answer 34

Medial rotation is limited | -Lateral rotation is way more

Question 35

What is the main purpose of the ACL? (3)

Answer 35

- Limits the femoral condyles from rolling in flexion - Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia - Prevents hyperextension

Question 36

Describe the location of the ACL

Answer 36

- Arises in the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia | - Extends superioposterolaterally to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle

Question 37

Describe the purpose of the PCL

Answer 37

- Limits the femur from sliding forward on the tibia (anterior displacement) - Limits the anterior rolling of the femoral condyles in extension - Main stabilizer

Question 38

This ligament joins the lateral meniscus to the PCL and the medial femoral condyle

Answer 38

Posterior Meniscofemoral ligament

Question 39

What composes the meniscus

Answer 39

Fibrocartilage

Question 40

Where do the meniscus sit and what is their job?

Answer 40

- Sit on the tibial plateau - Their margins attach to the joint capsule of the knee - Deepen the surface and absorb shock

Question 41

Review!! What is the medial meniscus adherent to? How does this effect it?

Answer 41

The MCL | -Makes it less mobile that the lateral meniscus

Question 42

What assist in the mobility of the lateral meniscus?

Answer 42

The contraction of the popliteus muscle

Question 43

What is an "unhappy triad"

Answer 43

``` Tear in the... -ACL -MCL -Medial menisus (makes sense that the MCL and medial meniscus are town together bc they are connected) ```

Question 44

What is critical for the strength of the knee joint?

Answer 44

-Strong musculature

Question 45

What is the important role of the vastus medialis muscle (oblique muscles)

Answer 45

It combats the pull of the patella and keeps the patella in the groove of the femur