Upper Extremity/Shoulder

Question 1

What are the components of the upper extremity?

Answer 1

• Shoulder
• Arm
• Forearm
• Hand

Question 2

What are the 4 joints of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 2

• Sternoclavicular
• Acromioclavicular
• Scapulothoracic
• Glenohumeral

Question 3

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 3

Synovial Joint- Saddle Joint (functions as a ball and socket joint)

Question 4

What is the purpose of the articulating disc?

Answer 4

Functions as a shock absorber

Question 5

What are the 4 ligaments that make up the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 5

1. Sternoclavicular Anterior
2. Sternoclavicular Posterior
3. Interclavicular
4. Costoclavicular

Question 6

These ligaments reinforce the capsule anteriorly and posteriorly

Answer 6

Anterior and Posterior Sternoclavicular ligament

Question 7

This ligament strengthens the sternoclavicular ligament superiorly

• extends from the sternal head of one clavical to the sternal head of another clavicle
• also attached to the superior border of the manubrium

Answer 7

Interclavicular ligament

Question 8

This ligament anchors the inferior surface of the sternal end of the clavicle to the first rib and its costal cartilage
-limits the elevation of the pectoral girdle

Answer 8

Costoclavicular ligament

Question 9

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 9

Synovial- planar

Question 10

What movement is the acromioclavicular joint responsible for?

Answer 10

Gliding

Question 11

T/F- the acromioclavicular joint has an incomplete articular wedge

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Since the acromioclavicular joint has a wedge shaped articular disc- what does this mean for strength and movement

Answer 12

Not very strong

-The capsule is lose to facilitate movement

Question 13

What are the ligaments associated with the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 13

• Acromioclavicular

- Coracoclavicular (Conoid and Trapezoid)

Question 14

How do you differentiate between the 2 types of coracoclavicular ligaments?

Answer 14

Conoid- more verticle and medial

Trapezoid- more horizontal and lateral

Question 15

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 15

Synovial- ball and socket

Question 16

Describe the glenohumeral joint

Answer 16

• Very little surface area
• Great mobility
• Little stability
• Flex/Ex/Ab/Ad/Circumduct

Question 17

Describe the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 17

-Lose= so we have great range of motion

Question 18

What is the labrum?

Answer 18

The ridge of the joint capsule- helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

Question 19

Is the glenohumeral joint usually dislocated in the superior or inferior direction?

Answer 19

Inferior- because superiorly you have the acromion (stopper) and the coracoclavicular ligaments (stoppers)

Question 20

What are the ligaments in the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 20

• Glenohumeral (3 bands)
• Coracohumeral
• Transverse Humeral
• Coracoacromial Arch

Question 21

Where do the majority of labrum tears come from?

Answer 21

-The superior region and they are due to repetitive trauma

Question 22

What are the 4 anterior axioappendicular muscles?

Answer 22

• Pectoralis Major
• Pectoralis Minor
• Subclavius
• Serratus Anterior

Question 23

Where does the long thoracic nerve lie?

Answer 23

Superiorly to the serratus anterior

Question 24

Describe the significance of the position of the thoracic nerve

Answer 24

• Since it lies superiorly it is vulnerable
• If it is hurt you can lose function of serratus anterior
• This results in a winged scapula
• Can be damaged when removing the lymph nodes in breast cancer

Question 25

What are the superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles?

Answer 25

Trapezius and the Latissimus dorsi

Question 26

What are the deep posterior axioappendicular muscles

Answer 26

Levator Scapulae and Rhomboid

Question 27

What are the scapulohumeral posterior axioappendicular muscles

Answer 27

- Deltoid - Teres major - Rotator cuff (infra, supra, subs, teres minor)

Question 28

What muscle of the rotator cuff is commonly torn?

Answer 28

Supraspinatus

Question 29

What passes through the quadrangular space

Answer 29

- Passage of axillary nerve | - Passage of posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 30

What muscles border the quadrangular space?

Answer 30

- Teres major - Teres minor - Long head of triceps - Humerus

Question 31

What passes through the triangular space

Answer 31

The circumflex scapular artery

Question 32

What muscles surround the triangular space

Answer 32

- Teres major - Teres minor - Long head of triceps

Question 33

What lies deep to the triangular interval?

Answer 33

- Radial nerve | - Profunda Brachii Artery

Question 34

What muscles make up the triangular interval?

Answer 34

- Teres major - Long head of triceps - Humerus

Question 35

What happens if you have an injury to your axillary nerve?

Answer 35

- Lose teres minor and axillary function | - Don't lose lateral rotation because the infraspinatus picks up that function