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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Anterior Compartment of the Leg > Flashcards

Anterior Compartment of the Leg Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Anterior compartment enclosed by

A
  • Dense fascia
  • Bone
  • Interosseous membrane
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2
Q

Anterior compartment is susceptible to

A
  • Compartment syndrome
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3
Q

Anterior compartment major blood supply

A
  • Anterior tibial artery
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4
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment innervation

A
  • Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
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5
Q

Anterior compartment tendons have

A
  • Synovial sheath as they pass ankle

- Visible/palpable at ankle with contraction

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6
Q

Function of anterior compartment muscles

A
  • Ankle dorsiflexion

- Extend digits

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7
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment (names)

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Extensor hallucis capsularis
  • Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
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8
Q

Tibialis anterior

A
  • Largest anterior muscle
  • Visible and palpable proximally
  • Tendon is palpable and visible as it crosses the ankle joint
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9
Q

Tibialis anterior origin

A
  • Lateral tibial condyle
  • Upper 2/3 lateral surface of tibial shaft
  • Interosseous membrane
  • Crural fascia
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10
Q

Tibialis anterior insertion

A
  • Medial cuneiform
  • 1st met base (metatarsal tubercle)
  • Medial plantar surfaces for both
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11
Q

Tibialis anterior function

A
  • Dorsiflex and invert foot

- Supinate subtalar joint

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12
Q

Extensor digitorum longus origin

A
  • Lateral tibial condyle
  • Superior ¾ of fibular shaft
  • Interosseous membrane
  • Crural fascia
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13
Q

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

A
  • Divide into 4 slips (digits 2-5)
  • Dorsal bases of middle/distal phalanges (digits 2-5)
  • Contributes to extensor expansion (digits 2-5)
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14
Q

Extensor digitorum longus function

A
  • Digit extension/dorsiflexion (proximal/distal interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints)
  • Helps with dorsiflexion/eversion (subtalar pronation)
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15
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A
  • Deep to TA and EDL
  • Superficial at distal leg/ankle
  • Tendon between TA and EDL at ankle joint
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16
Q

Extensor hallucis longus origin

A
  • Middle ½ anteromedial aspect of middle fibular shaft
  • Interosseous membrane
  • Originates more distal than TA and EDL
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17
Q

Extensor hallucis longus insertion

A
  • Dorsal base of distal phalanx (1st digit)
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18
Q

Extensor hallucis longus function

A
  • Extend/dorsiflex 1st digit (hallux)
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19
Q

Extensor hallucis capsularis origin

A
  • Medial aspect of EHL tendon or muscle (sometimes TA)
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20
Q

Extensor hallucis capsularis insertion

A
  • Dorsomedial aspect of 1st MPJ capsule
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21
Q

Extensor hallucis capsularis function

A
  • Tenses capsules during extension

- Prevents capsular impingement

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22
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A
  • Can be absent in people

- Passes anterior to lateral malleolus

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23
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius origin

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Inferior ¼ medial fibular shaft
  • Interosseous membrane
  • Can also originate from the EDL muscle
24
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius insertion

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Dorsal aspect of base and shaft of 5th metatarsal

- Sometimes the base of the 4th metatarsal

25
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius function
- Foot dorsiflexion and eversion | - Subtalar pronation
26
Synovial sheaths of anterior compartment muscle tendons
- Tibialis anterior - Extensor hallucis longus - Extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius
27
Tibialis anterior synovial sheath
- Begins proximal to SER (transverse crural ligament) - Ends between oblique bands of IER (cruciate crural ligament) - Begins/ends most proximally - Within the SER and oblique superomedial band of IER
28
Extensor hallucis longus synovial sheath
- Begins immediately proximal to oblique superomedial band of IER (level of medial malleolus) - Ends at the 1st metatarsal base - Within the IER - Ends most distally
29
Extensor digitorum longus/fibularis tertius synovial sheath
- Share a synovial sheath ( 4 tendons of EDL and 1 of FT) - Begins just proximal to oblique superomedial band of IER - Ends at level of 5th metatarsal base - Within the IER
30
Extensor Retinacula
- Hold extensor tendons in place over the extensor surface of ankle joint
31
Superior extensor retinaculum (transverse crural ligament)
- Thickening of crural fascia (fascia cruris) - Attaches to anterior aspect of the tibia and fibula distal shafts - TA within the retinaculum, the rest pass deep
32
Inferior extensor retinaculum (cruciate crural ligament)
- Thickening of crural fascia and deep fascia over foot dorsum - Y shaped band with a stem and 2 oblique medial bands - Continuous with inferior fibular retinaculum
33
Tendons of anterior compartment muscles pass within
- The inferior extensor retinaculum
34
Frondiform ligament
- Stem of the Y shaped band of the inferior extensor retinaculum - Stem of the Y is lateral
35
Lateral attachment (frondiform ligament)
- Lateral talar neck | - Superior calcaneus within the sinus tarsi
36
Medial attachment (frondiform ligament)
- Oblique superomedial band: Anterior aspect of distal medial malleolus - Oblique inferomedial band: Plantar aspect of medial cuneiform/navicular
37
Blood supply to anterior and lateral compartment
- Anterior tibial artery (terminal branch of popliteal) - Passes through proximal opening in the interosseous membrane - Enters anterior compartment
38
Anterior tibial is located between
- TA and ED muscles in proximal leg - Located between TA and EHL in the distal leg - Distal ankle EHL tendon crosses over artery
39
Anterior tibial artery becomes
- Dorsalis pedis after ankle | - Dorsalis pedis is located between EDL and EHL
40
A small anterior tibial artery can be replaced by
- Perforating branches from posterior tibial | - Perforating or fibular artery
41
Anterior tibial artery (terminal branch of popliteal)
- Branches off near inferior border of popliteus - Passes through superior opening of interosseous membrane - Enters anterior compartment
42
Branches of anterior tibial artery
- Anterior/posterior tibial recurrent arteries - Muscular branches - Anterior medial/lateral malleolar arteries - Dorsalis pedis (continuation)
43
Anterior compartment venous drainage
- Anterior tibial vein + posterior tibial vein > Popliteal vein > Femoral vein
44
Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1) pathway
- Branches from common fibular in the lateral compartment - Enters anterior compartment through anterior intermuscular septum - Descends along anterior surface of the interosseous membrane (with anterior tibial artery)
45
Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1) descends along anterior surface of interosseous membrane
- Lateral to artery in both the leg and ankle | - Enters dorsum of foot by passing deep to extensor retinacula
46
Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1) supplies
- Anterior compartment muscles | - Foot dorsum muscles
47
Lateral terminal branch of deep fibular nerve innervates
- EHB - EDB - Joints of lateral foot
48
Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve pathway
- Communicates with superficial fibular nerve (communicating branch of superficial fibular nerve) - Follows dorsalis pedis and 1st dorsal metatarsal arteries
49
Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve innervates
- 1st dorsal interossei muscle | - Joints of medial foot
50
Branches of medial terminal branch
- Proper dorsal digital nerve 2 | - Proper dorsal digital nerve 3
51
Proper dorsal digital nerve 2
- Cutaneous innervation of dorsolateral hallux
52
Proper dorsal digital nerve 3
- Cutaneous innervation of dorsomedial 2nd toe
53
Injury to deep fibular nerve symptoms
- Footdrop (increased tripping with gait) - Weak/loss of toe extension, ankle dorsiflexion - Steppage gait - Altered sensation 1st web space
54
Altered sensation 1st web space from deep fibular nerve injury affects
- Dorsolateral side of hallux | - Dorsomedial side of 2nd digit
55
Toe tips are innervated by
- Nerves from the plantar aspect of the foot

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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