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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Foot and Ankle Joints/Ligaments: Part 1 > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Joints/Ligaments: Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Distal (inferior) tibiofibular joint

A
  • Fibular notch and medial triangular area of fibula
  • Syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis
  • Ligaments (prevent separation of tibia and fibula, and talar wedging)
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2
Q

Ligaments of distal tibiofibular joint

A
  • Distal anterior tibiofibular
  • Interosseous tibiofibular
  • Distal posterior tibiofibular
  • Inferior transverse tibiofibular
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3
Q

Distal anterior tibiofibular ligament

A
  • Trapezoid shape

- Anterior border of fibular notch to anterior edge of triangular area (fibula)

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4
Q

Interosseous tibiofibular ligament

A
  • Continuation of interosseous membrane

- Strong ligament found centrally within the articulation

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5
Q

Distal posterior tibiofibular ligament

A
  • Triangular shape

- Posterior border of fibular notch to posterior edge of triangular area (fibula)

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6
Q

Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament location

A
  • Most inferior aspect of DPTL

- Posterior to ankle joint

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7
Q

Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament attachments

A
  • Posterior-inferior aspect of fibular notch
  • Sometimes reaches medial malleolus
  • Lateral malleolar fossa (superior edge) on the fibula
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8
Q

Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament cartilage

A
  • Articular cartilage on deep surface
  • Articulates with posterior lateral aspect of trochlea
  • Deepens articular surface
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9
Q

Distal (inferior) tibiofibular joint blood supply

A
  • Perforating fibular

- Anterior/posterior lateral malleolar

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10
Q

Posterior intermalleolar ligament location

A
  • Posterior to ankle joint
  • Anatomical appearance varies
  • Between transverse tibiofibular and posterior talofibular ligaments
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11
Q

Posterior intermalleolar ligament attachments

A
  • Superior edge fibular malleolar fossa
  • Posterior tibia and medial malleolus (via septa of flexor retinaculum)
  • Lateral and medial talar processes
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12
Q

Posterior intermalleolar ligament function

A
  • Tensed during dorsiflexion

- Can be a cause of posterior impingement

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13
Q

Ankle joint/talocrural joint/tibiotalar

A
  • Articulation between talus and the tibia and fibula

- Synovial joint, hinge (ginglymus); diarthrosis

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14
Q

Ankle joint/talocrural joint/tibiotalar functions

A
  • Primarily dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
  • More mobile/less stabile in plantarflexion
  • Trochlea is more narrow posteriorly
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15
Q

Ankle joint/talocrural joint/tibiotalar major blood supply

A
  • Medial and lateral malleolar plexuses
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16
Q

Ankle mortise

A
  • Concavity form by the tibia, fibula, and inferior transverse tibio-fibular ligament
  • Talus articulates with mortise
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17
Q

Joint capsule (fibrous) attaches to

A
  • Borders of tibia and malleoli
    articular margins of trochlea
  • Talar neck on the dorsum
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18
Q

Joint capsule (fibrous) strength

A
  • Weak anteriorly and posteriorly
  • Reinforced by collateral ligaments of the ankle medially and laterally
  • Anteriorly attaches to the neck of the talus
  • Synovium lines fibrous capsule
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19
Q

Medial collateral ligaments of the ankle (deltoid ligament) structure

A
  • Thick and strong
  • Blends with capsule
  • Divided into superficial and deep layers, consisting of 3-5 ligaments
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20
Q

Tibionavicular ligament (superficial) attachments

A
  • Anterior border of anterior colliculus

- Dorsal aspect of navicular tuberosity

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21
Q

Tibionavicular ligament (superficial) pathway

A
  • Crosses ankle joint

- Crosses talonavicular portion of midtarsal joints

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22
Q

Tibiospring ligament (superficial) attachments

A
  • Anterior colliculus (proximal and posterior to tibionavicular)
  • Spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular ligament)
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23
Q

Tibiospring ligament (superficial) pathway

A
  • Crosses ankle joint and subtalar joint
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24
Q

Superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament attachents

A
  • Posterior colliculus and intercollicular groove

- Medial tubercle of posterior process of talus

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25
Superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament function
- Taut in dorsiflexion | - Limits dorsiflexion and posterior displacement of talus
26
Superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament pathway
- Can blend with the deep posterior talofibular | - Crosses ankle joint
27
Superficial ligaments of the ankle
- Tibionavicular - Tibiospring - Tibiocalcaneal - Superficial posterior tibiotalar
28
Deep ligaments of the ankle
- Deep anterior tibiotalar (anterior tibiotalar) | - Deep posterior tibiotalar
29
Medial collateral ligaments of the ankle (deltoid ligament) function
- Stabilizes medial ankle | - Limits ankle eversion, external rotation, and lateral translation
30
Deep anterior tibiotalar ligament (anterior tibiotalar) attachments
- Anterior inferior aspect of the anterior colliculus | - Medial aspect of talar body
31
Deep anterior tibiotalar ligament (anterior tibiotalar) pathway
- Deep to tibionavicular antanterior tibiospring ligaments | - Fibers can blend with tibionavicular ligament
32
Deep anterior tibiotalar ligament (anterior tibiotalar) function
- Taut in plantarflexion | - Limits plantarflexion and anterior displacement of talus
33
Deep posterior tibiotalar ligament
- Largest and thickest component of deltoid ligament
34
Deep posterior tibiotalar ligament attachments
- Posterior/anterior colliculi and intercollicular groove | - Medial talar body
35
Deep posterior tibiotalar ligament pathway
- Deep to tibiocalcaneal | - Superficial posterior tibiotalar
36
Deep posterior tibiotalar ligament function
- Taut in dorsiflexion | - Limits dorsiflexion and posterior displacement of talus
37
Lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle
- Anterior talofibular - Calcaneofibular - Posterior talofibular - All resists inversion
38
Anterior talofibular ligament
- Capsular ligament - Crosses ankle joint - Most commonly injured in an plantarflexion inversion ankle sprain
39
Anterior talofibular ligament attachments
- Anterior inferior edge of lateral malleolus | - Lateral talar neck
40
Anterior talofibular ligament function
- Taut in plantarflexion - Resist excessive plantarflexion - Resist anterior talar displacement
41
Calcaneofibular ligament
- Extracapsular ligament - Crosses ankle joint and subtalar joint - Torn in more severe lateral ankle sprains
42
Calcaneofibular ligament attachments
- Lateral malleolus apex (summit) | - Peroneal spine (lateral calcaneus superior to retrotrochlear eminence)
43
Calcaneofibular ligament function
- Taut in dorsiflexion | - Resists excessive dorsiflexion
44
Posterior talofibular ligament
- Capsular ligament - Crosses ankle joint - Not commonly torn in ankle sprains
45
Posterior talofibular ligament attachments
- Runs horizontally - Lateral malleolar fossa - Lateral tubercle of posterior process
46
Posterior talofibular ligament function
- Taut in dorsiflexion | - Resist dorsiflexion
47
Subtalar joint located between
- Facets of calcaneus | - Facets of talus
48
Subtalar joint is divided into anterior/posterior articulations by
- Sinus tarsi - Tarsal canal - Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
49
Anterior division of subtalar joint
- Talocalcaneonavicular
50
Posterior division of subtalar joint
- Posterior talocalcaneal | - Some refer to the posterior as the anatomic subtalar joint
51
Talocalcanial joint
- Within subtalar joint - Planar (gliding) - Synovial joint
52
Talocalcaneal joint movement
- More complex because of concave/convex surfaces | - Allows translation and rotation
53
Joint capsule of subtalar joint
- Attaches to articular margins | - Weak portion of subtalar joint
54
Subtalar joint arterial supply
- Lateral tarsal - Lateral malleolar - Perforating fibular - Artery to tarsal canal - Artery to sinus tarsi
55
Ligaments supporting the subtalar joint
- Talocalcaneal (posterior, lateral, medial, and interosseous) - Cervical - Tibiocalcaneal - Calcaneofibular
56
Posterior talocalcaneal ligament (subtalar joint) attachments
- Posterior process of talus | - Superior calcaneus
57
Lateral talocalcaneal ligament (subtalar joint)
- From lateral process of talus to lateral surface of calcaneus - Deeper plane than calcaneofibular ligament (medial to it)
58
Medial talocalcaneal ligament (subtalar joint) attachments
- Medial tubercle of posterior process of talus | - Posterior edge of sustentaculum tali
59
Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (subtalar joint)
- Found within the sinus tarsi/tarsal canal | - Strong bond between talus and calcaneus
60
Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (subtalar joint) separates
- Anatomic subtalar joint | - Talocalcaneonavicular joint
61
Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (subtalar joint) attachments
- Sulcus tali | - Sulcus calcanei
62
Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (subtalar joint) location function
- Fibers angled inferolaterally | - Resists eversion
63
Cervical ligament (subtalar joint)
- Superolateral calcaneus (within sinus tarsi) - Neck of talus - Resists inversion/supination
64
Talocalcaneonavicular joint articulates between
- Anterior/middle facets of talus and calcaneus - Head of talus and spring ligament - Head of talus and posterior facet of navicular (talonavicular)
65
Talocalcaneonavicular joint
- Multiaxial ball and socket joint with talar head | - Synovial joint; diarthrosis
66
Talocalcaneonavicular joint arterial supply
- Medial tarsal | - Medial plantar
67
Joint capsule of talocalcaneonavicular joint
- Capsule is weak - Reinforced by tibionavicular ligament (medial side) - Reinforced by calcaneonavicular ligament (lateral side)
68
Acetabulum pedis
- Deep socket that receives the talar head
69
Acetabulum pedis is formed by
- Posterior navicular facet - Anterior/middle facets of calcaneus - Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring) - Dorsal calcaneonavicular ligament (part of bifurcate)
70
Functional subtalar joint
- Anatomic subtalar joint + talocalcaneonavicular joint | - Between posterior, middle, anterior facets of talus and calcaneus
71
Functional subtalar joint function
- Forms triple joint complex with midtarsal joint | - Triplanar joint: pronation and supination
72
Functional subtalar joint ligament support
- Combined ligaments that support anatomic and talocalcaneal part of TCN joint
73
Talocalcaneonavicular ligament support
- Cervical ligament - Dorsal talonavicular - Bifurcate ligament - Spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular ligament)
74
Dorsal talonavicular ligament (TCN joint) attachments
- Dorsal aspect of talar neck | - Dorsal aspect of navicular
75
Bifurcate ligament (Y-shaped) proximal attachment
- Y-shaped ligament | - Anterior process of calcaneus
76
Bifurcate ligament (Y-shaped) distal attachment
- Dorsolateral navicular, - Dorsal calcaneonavicular ligament - Dorsomedial cuboid - Calcaneocuboid ligament
77
3 components of spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular)
- Superomedial - Inferoplantar longitudinal - Medioplantar oblique
78
Superomedial spring ligament attachements
- Sustentaculum tali and edge of middle calcaneal facet | - Mediosuperior navicular tuberosity
79
Inferoplantar longitudinal spring ligament attachments
- Coronoid fossa | - Navicular beak
80
Medioplantar oblique spring ligament attachments
- Notch between anterior/middle facets of calcaneus | - Inferomedial navicular
81
Spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular) pathway
- Fuses with deltoid ligament (tibionavicular and tibiospring) - Deep to tibialis posterior tendon
82
Fibrocartilagenous facet on dorsal surface of spring ligament (superomedial part)
- Supports head of talus and medial longitudinal arch

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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