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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Osteology (Part 5): Metatarsals & Phalanges > Flashcards

Osteology (Part 5): Metatarsals & Phalanges Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Metatarsals absolute length

A
  • Longest to shortest

- 2 > 3 > 5 > 4 > 1

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2
Q

Metatarsals distal projection in articulated foot

A
  • Farthest to nearest
  • 2 > 3 > 1 > 4 > 5
  • OR
  • 2 > 1 > 3 > 4 > 5
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3
Q

Metatarsals articulate proximally with

A
  • Cuneiforms
  • Cuboid
  • Forms tarsometatarsal (Lisranc’s) joint
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4
Q

Metatarsals contribute to

A
  • Transverse arch

- Both medial/lateral longitudinal arches

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5
Q

Metatarsals are flexed with bases being

A
  • Elevated
  • Different heights (2nd is the highest)
  • Metatarsal heads are in the same plane
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6
Q

1st metatarsal diverges from the 2nd forming

A
  • Intermetatarsal angle
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7
Q

Ray

A
  • Cuneiforms + associated metatarsals for 1-3
  • Just metatarsals for 4,5
  • Some people include phalanges
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8
Q

Metatarsal bases articulate with

A
  • Cuneiforms
  • Cuboid
  • Neighboring metatarsals
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9
Q

1st metatarsal shape

A
  • Kidney bean shaped
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10
Q

2nd metatarsal shape

A
  • Wedge (triangle) shaped

- Apex inferior

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11
Q

3rd metatarsal shape

A
  • Wedge (triangle)

- Apex inferior

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12
Q

4th metatarsal shape

A
  • Quadrilateral
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13
Q

5th metatarsal shape

A
  • Triangular

- Apex lateral

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14
Q

Metatarsal shaft

A
  • Curved
  • Convex dorsal
  • Concave plantar
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15
Q

Metatarsal head (for the lesser metatarsals, 2-5)

A
  • Oval (elliptical) shaped

- 1st has a few differences

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16
Q

Metatarsal head structures

A
  • Articular cap (facet)

- Medial and lateral tubercles

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17
Q

Articular cap/facet (metatarsal heads 2-5)

A
  • Anterior (distal) end
  • Articulates with proximal phalanx of corresponding digit
  • Forms MTP joint for that digit
  • Extends further onto plantar surface
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18
Q

Medial and lateral tubercles (metatarsal heads 2-5)

A
  • Ligament attachment
  • Metatarsophalangeal ligaments (collateral ligaments)
  • Metatarsophalangeal suspensory ligament (metatarsoglenoid ligament)
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19
Q

Metatarsal plantar surface structures

A
  • Medial/lateral condyles

- Groove for flexor tendon

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20
Q

Medial and lateral condyles (metatarsal plantar surface)

A
  • Weight-bearing surface

- Lateral is larger and longer and projects more proximal

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21
Q

Groove for flexor tendon (metatarsal plantar surface)

A
  • Located between condyles
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22
Q

1st metatarsal

A
  • Shortest and broadest metatarsal

- Very strong

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23
Q

1st metatarsal base surfaces

A
  • Posterior
  • Lateral
  • Medial
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24
Q

1st metatarsal posterior surface

A
  • Kidney shaped articular facet

- Articulates with medial cuneiform (tarsometatarsal joint)

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25
1st metatarsal lateral surface
- Small oval facet for articulation with 2nd metatarsal (intermetatarsal joint) - (not always present) - Tuberosity of 1st metatarsal
26
Tuberosity of 1st metatarsal
- Located on the lateral base - Junction of lateral and plantar surface - Posterolateral projection for peroneus longus insertion
27
1st metatarsal medial surface
- 1st Metatarsal tubercle - Junction of medial and plantar surface - Attachment of tibialis anterior
28
1st metatarsal head
- Quadrilateral | - Distal articular facet
29
Distal articular facet (1st metatarsal head)
- Convex facet | - Articulates with proximal phalanx of hallux (1st MTP)
30
1st metatarsal head plantar surface structures
- Crista | - Medial/lateral condyles
31
Crista (1st metatarsal head plantar surface)
- Ridge from anterior articular surface to plantar surface
32
Medial and lateral condyles (1st metatarsal head plantar surface)
- Weight-bearing surfaces | - Grooves for articulation with medial and lateral sesamoids
33
1st metatarsal head has 3 articulations
- 1 with proximal phalanx | - 2 with sesamoids
34
Sesamoids in relation to 1st metatarsal head
- Lack bony attachment to 1st metatarsal - Embedded in FHB and plantar plate - Tight ligamentous attachment
35
2nd metatarsal
- Longest metatarsal - Keystone for Lisfranc joint - Base is wedge shaped, apex inferior
36
2nd metatarsal articulations
- All 3 cuneiforms (3 tarsometatarsal joints) - Proximal phalanx base (2nd MTP) - 3rd metatarsal base (intermetatarsal joint)
37
2nd metatarsal base structures
- Proximal triangular facet - Oval articular facet - 2 articular facets for lateral cuneiform and 3rd metatarsal
38
Proximal triangular facet (2nd metatarsal base)
- Articulates with 2nd cuneiform
39
Oval articular facet (2nd metatarsal base)
- Facet for medial cuneiform | - On posteriosuperior border of medial surface
40
2 Articular facets for lateral cuneiform and 3rd metatarsal (2nd metatarsal base)
- On lateral surface facet separated by a roughened ridge | - Vertical ridge separates distal (3rd metatarsal, intermetatarsal joint) and proximal (3rd cuneiform)
41
3rd metatarsal articulations
- Proximal phalanx base of 3rd toe (3rd MTP) - 2nd and 4th metatarsal bases (2 intermetatarsal joint) - 3rd cuneiform (tarsometatarsal joint)
42
3rd metatarsal base
- Wedge shaped | - Apex inferior
43
3rd metatarsal base structures
- Proximal triangular facet - Oval articular facet for 4th metatarsal - Articular facet for 2nd metatarsal
44
Proximal triangular facet (3rd metatarsal base)
- Articulates with 3rd cuneiform
45
Oval articular facet for 4th metatarsal (3rd metatarsal base)
- Posteriosuperior border of lateral surface
46
Articular facet for 2nd metatarsal (3rd metatarsal base)
- 2 demi-facets on medial surface, posterior edge
47
4th metatarsal articulations
- Base of 4th proximal phalanx base (4th MTP) - 3rd and 5th metatarsal bases (2 intermetatarsal joints) - 3rd cuneiform and cuboid (2 tarsometatarsal joints)
48
4th metatarsal base
- Quadrilateral in shape
49
4th metatarsal base structures
- Proximal quadrilateral articular facet - Articular facet for lateral cuneiform and 3rd metatarsal - Facet for 5th metatarsal
50
Proximal quadrilateral articular facet (4th metatarsal base)
- Articulation with cuboid
51
Articular facet for lateral (4th metatarsal base)
- Double facet on medial surface - Proximal: lateral cuneiform - Distal: 3rd metatarsal
52
Facet for 5th metatarsal (4th metatarsal base)
- Large facet on lateral surface
53
5th metatarsal articulations
- 5th proximal phalanx base (5th MTP) - Cuboid (tarsometatarsal) - Base of 4th metatarsal (intermetatarsal)
54
5th metatarsal base structures
- Proximal triangular articular facet - Articular facet for 4th metatarsal - Styloid process of 5th metatarsal (tuberosity of 5th metatarsal) - Groove for abductor digiti minimi
55
Proximal triangular articular facet (5th metatarsal base)
- Articulates with cuboid | - Apex is lateral
56
Articular facet for 4th metatarsal (5th metatarsal base)
- Medial surface
57
Styloid process/tuberosity of 5th Metatarsal (5th metatarsal base)
- Large prominence - Extends proximally and laterally - Muscle and ligament attachment - Very palpable
58
Groove for abductor digiti minimi (5th metatarsal base)
- Inferior aspect of styloid process | - Passage of ADM
59
Metatarsal blood supply
- Nutrient foramen point away from the growing end (growth plate) - 1st metatarsal is angled distally - 2-5 metatarsals are angled proximally
60
1st metatarsal blood supply
- Nutrient foramen on lateral surface, angled distally - Supplied by 1st dorsal metatarsal artery - Can be dual supply from dorsal and plantar metatarsal arteries with multiple nutrient foramina
61
2nd metatarsal blood supply
- Nutrient foramen on lateral shaft, angled proximally | - Nutrient artery from 2nd dorsal or plantar metatarsal artery
62
3rd metatarsal blood supply
- Nutrient foramen is on medial or lateral shaft, angled proximally - Nutrient artery from 2nd or 3rd dorsal or plantar metatarsal artery
63
4th metatarsal blood supply
- Nutrient foramen on medial or lateral surface of shaft, angled proximally - Nutrient artery is 3rd or 4th dorsal or plantar metatarsal artery
64
5th metatarsal blood supply
- Nutrient foramen on medial surface of shaft, angled proximally - Nutrient artery from 4th plantar metatarsal artery
65
Phalanges
- Digits 2-5 have proximal, middle, and distal phalanges - Digit 1 only has proximal and distal - Phalanges consist of a base, shaft, and head - Longitudinal grooves for flexor tendons on plantar surface
66
Proximal phalanges structures
- Proximal/distal articular surface (facet) | - Medial/lateral tubercle
67
Proximal articular surface/facet (proximal phalanges)
- Located at the base - Round and concave - Articulates with metatarsal heads
68
Distal articular surface/facet (proximal phalanges)
- Located at the head - Convex - Articulates with base of middle phalanges of digits 2-5 (or base of distal phalanx of the hallux)
69
Medial and lateral tubercles (proximal phalanges)
- Located at the medial/lateral plantar aspect of bases - Metatarsophalangeal ligaments (collateral ligaments) insert at the bases - Located at the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspects of the heads - Interphalangeal ligaments (collateral ligaments) attach at the heads
70
Middle phalanges structures (only digits 2-5)
- Proximal/distal articular surface | - Medial/lateral tubercles
71
Proximal articular surface (middle phalanges)
- Located at the base - Concave - Articulates with heads of proximal phalanges (2-5)
72
Distal articular surface (middle phalanges)
- Located at the head - Convex - Articulates with base of distal phalanges (2-5)
73
Medial and lateral tubercles (middle phalanges)
- Located at the medial/lateral plantar aspect of bases - Located at the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspects of the heads - Ligament attachment - Interphalangeal ligaments (collateral ligaments)
74
Distal phalanges (ungula phalanges)
- Smallest - Shaped like a mushroom - Flattened head (support nail plate)
75
Distal phalanges stuctures
- Proximal articular surface | - Medial/lateral tubercles
76
Proximal articular surface (distal phalange)
- Located at the base - Concave - Articulates with heads of middle phalanges (digits 2-5) and head of proximal phalanx (digits 1)
77
Medial and lateral tubercles (distal phalanges)
- Located at the medila/lateral plantar aspect of bases - Ligament attachment - Interphalangeal ligaments (collateral ligaments) at the heads
78
Most common symphalangism in the lower extremity
- Fusion of the middle and distal phalanges of the 5th digit

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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