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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Anterior Thigh Part 2 > Flashcards

Anterior Thigh Part 2 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Saphenous opening (fossa ovalis, saphenous hiatus) location

A
  • Hiatus in fascia lata
  • 4cm inferior to medial inguinal ligament
  • Inferolateral to pubic tubercle
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2
Q

Falciform margin of fossa ovalis

A
  • Crescent shaped superior, lateral and inferior margin
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3
Q

Cribriform fascia (fills fossa ovalis)

A
  • Membranous connective tissue

- Allows for passage of lymph vessels and saphenous vein

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4
Q

Femoral triangle

A
  • Deep to fascia lata

- Contains neurovascular structures

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5
Q

Femoral triangle borders

A
  • Base of triangle is proximal

- Apex is distal

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6
Q

Apex of femoral triangle

A
  • End of femoral triangle

- Beginning of adductor canal

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7
Q

Femoral triangle boundaries

A
  • Superior: inguinal ligament (Poupart’s ligament)
  • Medial: medial border of adductor longus
  • Lateral: medial border of Sartorius
  • Floor: iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus
  • Roof: fascia lata/cribriform fascia
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8
Q

Femoral triangle superior boundary

A
  • Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s ligament)
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9
Q

Femoral triangle medial boundary

A
  • Medial border of adductor longus
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10
Q

Femoral triangle lateral boundary

A
  • Medial border of Sartorius
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11
Q

Femoral triangle floor

A
  • Iliopsoas
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus
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12
Q

Femoral triangle roof

A
  • Fascia lata/cribriform fascia
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13
Q

Nerve content of femoral triangle

A
  • Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

- Femoral nerve and branches

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14
Q

Artery content of femoral triangle

A
  • Femoral artery (located at the midinguinal point)
  • Profunda femoris artery
  • Lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries
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15
Q

Venous content of femoral triangle

A
  • Femoral vein

- Termination of saphenous vein

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16
Q

Lymphatic content of femoral triangle

A
  • Femoral canal (lymphatics)

- Deep inguinal nodes

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17
Q

Femoral triangle content (all)

A
  • Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
  • Femoral artery (located at the midinguinal point)
  • Femoral vein
  • Femoral canal (lymphatics)
  • Deep inguinal nodes
  • Femoral nerve and branches
  • Termination of saphenous vein
  • Profunda femoris artery
  • Lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries
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18
Q

Femoral sheath

A
  • Fascial sheath formed by prolongation of transversalis and ilipsoas fascia
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19
Q

Femoral nerve is NOT in

A
  • The femoral sheath
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20
Q

3 compartments separated by septae (lateral to medial)

A
  • Lateral: femoral artery
  • Intermediate: femoral vein
  • Medial: femoral canal (empty space and lymphatics)
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21
Q

Femoral canal (medial compartment of the femoral sheath)

A
  • Allows for venous expansion
  • Contains lymphatics
  • Proximal opening (abdominal end): femoral ring
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22
Q

Femoral ring

A
  • Proximal opening (abdominal end)

- Weak area/site of femoral hernias

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23
Q

Boundaries of femoral canal

A
  • Lateral: Intermediate compartment (Femoral vein)
  • Medial: Lacunar ligament
  • Anterior: Inguinal ligament
  • Posterior: Superior pubic ramus (pectineal ligament)
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24
Q

Lateral boundary of femoral canal

A
  • Intermediate compartment (Femoral vein)
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25
Medial boundary of femoral canal
- Lacunar ligament
26
Anterior boundary of femoral canal
- Inguinal ligament
27
Posterior boundary of femoral canal
- Superior pubic ramus (pectineal ligament)
28
Femoral artery pathway
- Continuation of external iliac artery | - Passes inferior to inguinal ligament at the mid-inguinal point
29
Femoral artery palpation site
- Palpable in femoral triangle ~ 3cm below inguinual ligament - Site of compression
30
Termination of femoral artery
- Passes through femoral triangle, adductor canal, adductor hiatus - Becomes popliteal artery
31
Branches of femoral artery
- Superficial circumflex iliac - Superficial epigastric - External pudendal - Profunda femoris - Muscular branches - Descending genicular
32
Superficial circumflex iliac artery supplies
- Skin over ASIS and lateral inguinal ligament
33
Superficial epigastric artery supplies
- Skin over inferomedial abdominal wall
34
External pudendal artery (superficial & deep) supplies
- Skin over the anterior perineum
35
Profunda femoris (deep artery of the thigh, deep femoral)
- Largest branch | - Arises about 2” below ligament
36
Muscular branches of femoral artery supply
- Sartorius - Adductors - Vastus medialis
37
Descending genicular (highest genicular)
- Last branch before adductor hiatus | - Branches off in adductor canal
38
Descending genicular (highest genicular) supplies
- Vastus med - Add mag - Knee joint
39
Branches of Descending genicular (highest genicular)
- Saphenous branch | - Articular branch
40
The femoral artery is often called
- Common femoral | - After profunda femoris it may be called superficial femoral
41
Profunda femoris artery (deep femoral artery, deep artery of the thigh)
- Typically branches off the femoral artery posterolaterally (~ 1 – 2” below inguinal ligament)
42
Profunda femoris artery pathway
- Passes between pectineus and adductor longus - Then between adductor longus and brevis - Descends thigh posterior to adductor longus (anterior to brevis and magnus)
43
Branches of profunda femoris
- Lateral femoral circumflex | - Medial femoral circumflex
44
Lateral femoral circumflex artery
- Lateral side of PFA | - Passes lateral posterior (deep) to Sartorius and rectus femoris
45
3 branches of lateral femoral circumflex artery
- Ascending - Transverse - Descending
46
Ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery pathway
- Ascends along intertrochanteric line, under TFL
47
Ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery supplies
- Greater trochanter, head and neck of femur (Trochanteric anastomosis) - Muscular branches
48
Transverse branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery pathway
- Passes anterior to vastus intermedius
49
Transverse branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
- Joins cruciate anastomosis | - Muscular branches
50
Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery pathway
- Descends along vastus lateralis
51
Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
- Anastomoses with lateral superior genicular artery at the knee - Muscular branches
52
Medial femoral circumflex artery pathway
- Medial side of PFA - Passes between iliopsoas and pectineus - Curves medially around femur between obturator externus and add brevis
53
Medial femoral circumflex artery is located between
- Quadratus femoris and adductor longus posteriorly
54
3 branches of medial femoral circumflex artery
- Ascending - Transverse - Descending
55
Ascending branch of medial femoral circumflex artery
- Greater trochanter, head and neck of femur (Trochanteric anastomosis) - Muscular branches
56
Transverse branch of medial femoral circumflex artery
- Joins cruciate anastomosis | - Muscular branches
57
Descending branch of medial femoral circumflex artery supplies
- Muscular branches
58
Perforating arteries (4) pathway
- Pierce adductor magnus near femoral shaft attachment
59
Perforating arteries supply
- Major supplier to medial and posterior compartments of the thigh
60
1st perforating artery
- Above the superior border of adductor brevis (can pierce it)
61
2nd perforating artery
- Pierces adductor brevis | - Usually gives off femoral nutrient artery
62
3rd perforating artery
- Below inferior border of adductor brevis
63
4th perforating artery
- Terminal end of PFA | - Proximal to adductor hiatus (at short head biceps femoris)
64
Trochanteric anastomosis are major suppliers to
- Head - Neck - Femur (after age 3) - Especially the MFC
65
Arterial ring anastomosis located
- Around femoral neck | - Near trochanteric fossa
66
Trochanteric anastomosis
- Ascending branches of lateral/medial femoral circumflex arteries - Descending branches of superior/inferior gluteal arteries - Primarily from LFC and MFC
67
Retinacular arteries
- Pierce capsule - Travel along femur neck to the head of femur - Contribute to trochanteric anastomosis
68
Cruciate anastomosis located
- Near lesser trochanter | - Provide for collateral circulation
69
Cruciate anastomosis
- Descending branch of Inferior gluteal a. - Transverse branches of medial/lateral circumflex a. - Ascending branch of 1st perforating branch of deep femoral
70
If external iliac or proximal femoral artery is blocked, blood can still reach lower extremity via
- Internal iliac > inferior gluteal > trochanteric/cruciate anastomosis

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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