anti fungal

Answer 1

Question: How does Miconazole work as an antifungal treatment?
Answer:

Class: Imidazole Antifungal (Local Treatment)

Mechanism: Inhibits lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase, weakening the fungal membrane, which results in a fungistatic effect (inhibits fungal growth)

Use:

Local treatment for vaginal candidiasis, dermatophyte infections, oral infections, and intestinal fungal infections

Side Effects:

Dry mouth, nausea, oral disorder, vomiting

Answer 2

Question: How does Fluconazole work for fungal infections?
Answer:

Class: Triazole Antifungal (Systemic Treatment)

Mechanism: Fungistatic effect (inhibits fungal cell growth by blocking ergosterol synthesis)

Use:

Systemic treatment for candidiasis (including vaginal infections)

Side Effects:

Diarrhea, GI discomfort, headache, nausea, skin reactions, vomiting

Note: Very well absorbed after oral administration

Answer 3

Question: How does Terbinafine treat fungal infections?
Answer:

Class: Allylamine Antifungal

Mechanism: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis by blocking squalene monooxygenase, an enzyme involved in the fungal cell wall synthesis, leading to a fungicidal effect (kills the fungus)

Use:

Treatment for dermatophyte infections of toenails and fingernails, including Tinea species (e.g., Tinea corporis, Tinea pedis)

Side Effects:

Decreased appetite, arthralgia, diarrhea, GI discomfort, headache, myalgia, nausea

Answer 4

Question: How does Amphotericin B work as an antifungal treatment?
Answer:

Class: Polyene Antifungal

Mechanism: Binds to ergosterol in the fungal membrane, forming pores, which causes ion leakage and fungal cell death

Use:

Treatment for life-threatening fungal infections like fungal meningitis

Side Effects:

Anaemia, decreased appetite, chills, diarrhea, dyspnea, electrolyte imbalance, fever, headache, hepatic dysfunction (discontinue if severe)

Note: Avoid rapid infusion to prevent serious harm. Fatal overdose has occurred due to confusion between formulations.

Answer 5

Question: What is the mechanism of action of Flucytosine?
Answer:

Class: Nucleoside Analogue Antifungal

Mechanism: Penetrates the fungal cell, is converted to fluorouracil, and competes with uracil to interfere with fungal RNA formation and protein synthesis

Use:

Systemic yeast and fungal infections

Adjunct to Amphotericin B in severe systemic candidiasis and other long-lasting infections