corticosteroids skin Flashcards
(16 cards)
Question: Can you explain the use of Hydrocortisone Acetate?
Answer:
Class: Mild Corticosteroid
Mechanism: Reduces inflammation by suppressing immune response and reducing immune cell activity in the skin
Use:
Mild eczema
Topical use for localized skin inflammation
Side Effects:
Skin reactions like atrophy, depigmentation, vasodilation, and adrenal suppression (rare, due to systemic absorption with prolonged use)
Question: What is Clobetasone used for?
Answer:
Class: Moderate Corticosteroid
Mechanism: Reduces inflammation through immune system suppression
Use:
Eczema and dermatitis of all types
Side Effects:
Similar to other corticosteroids: skin reactions (atrophy, thinning, etc.), adrenal suppression, vasodilation, and possible infection risk
Question: Can you explain the use of Hydrocortisone Butyrate and Beclometasone?
Answer:
Class: Potent Corticosteroids
Mechanism: Strong anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing immune response
Use:
Severe inflammatory skin disorders like eczema and psoriasis
Used when milder corticosteroids are ineffective
Side Effects:
Same as other corticosteroids: skin atrophy, depigmentation, vasodilation, and adrenal suppression
🃏 Question: Can you explain the use of Hydrocortisone Acetate?
Answer:
Class: Mild Corticosteroid
Mechanism: Reduces inflammation by suppressing immune response and reducing immune cell activity in the skin
Use:
Mild eczema
Topical use for localized skin inflammation
Side Effects:
Skin reactions like atrophy, depigmentation, vasodilation, and adrenal suppression (rare, due to systemic absorption with prolonged use
Question: What is Clobetasone used for?
Answer:
Class: Moderate Corticosteroid
Mechanism: Reduces inflammation through immune system suppression
Use:
Eczema and dermatitis of all types
Side Effects:
Similar to other corticosteroids: skin reactions (atrophy, thinning, etc.), adrenal suppression, vasodilation, and possible infection risk
Question: Can you explain the use of Hydrocortisone Butyrate and Beclometasone?
Answer:
Class: Potent Corticosteroids
Mechanism: Strong anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing immune response
Use:
Severe inflammatory skin disorders like eczema and psoriasis
Used when milder corticosteroids are ineffective
Side Effects:
Same as other corticosteroids: skin atrophy, depigmentation, vasodilation, and adrenal suppression
Question: What is the role of Ciclosporin in treating autoimmune diseases?
Answer:
Class: Calcineurin Inhibitor (Immunosuppressant)
Mechanism: Inhibits calcineurin, preventing activation of T-cells and the release of cytokines, reducing inflammation
Use:
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis)
Prevention of transplant rejection
Short-term treatment for severe atopic dermatitis
Side Effects:
Hypertension, tremor, nausea, vomiting, hair changes
Question: How does Tacrolimus (Protopic) work and its uses?
Answer:
Class: Calcineurin Inhibitor (Immunosuppressant)
Mechanism: Inhibits calcineurin, blocking T-cell proliferation and activation of immune cells
Use:
Moderate to severe atopic eczema (for those who cannot use corticosteroids)
Side Effects:
Increased infection risk, skin reactions, and sensation abnormalities
More potent than Ciclosporin, with higher nephrotoxicity and increased diabetes risk
Question: What is Pimecrolimus (Elidel) used for?
Answer:
Class: Calcineurin Inhibitor (Immunosuppressant)
Mechanism: Inhibits calcineurin, blocking T-cell proliferation and immune responses
Use:
Mild to moderate atopic eczema, especially when corticosteroids can’t be used
Side Effects:
Increased infection risk, rare skin discoloration
uestion: Can you explain the role of Flucloxacillin in treating skin infections?
Answer:
Class: Beta-Lactam Antibiotic (Penicillin-resistant)
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial death
Use:
Gram-positive bacterial infections, particularly Staphylococcus aureus
Secondary bacterial infections in conditions like eczema
Side Effects:
Common: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hypersensitivity, skin reactions, thrombocytopenia
Question: What is Azathioprine used for and how does it work?
Answer:
Class: Immunosuppressant
Mechanism: Inhibits purine synthesis, reducing T-cell and B-cell proliferation and immune response
Use:
Organ transplant rejection prevention
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, lupus)
Severe refractory eczema (off-label)
Side Effects:
Increased infection risk, anemia, hypersensitivity reactions
Question: How does Methotrexate help in autoimmune conditions?
Answer:
Class: Folic Acid Antagonist
Mechanism: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), reducing DNA/RNA synthesis, and suppressing T-cell proliferation
Use:
RA, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, cancer (high doses)
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for inflammatory diseases
Side Effects:
Increased infection risk, diarrhea, GI disorders, hepatic toxicity
Question: What is the role of Mycophenolate in autoimmune disease treatment?
Answer:
Class: Immunosuppressant
Mechanism: Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), blocking lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production
Use:
Prevent organ transplant rejection (with Ciclosporin and corticosteroids)
Treat autoimmune diseases (e.g., Crohn’s disease, myasthenia gravis)
Severe refractory eczema (off-label)
Side Effects:
Increased infection risk, alopecia, tachycardia
Question: What is Dupilumab used for?
Answer:
Class: Monoclonal Antibody (Type 2 Inflammation)
Mechanism: Blocks IL-4Rα (receptor for IL-4 and IL-3), reducing type 2 inflammation and subsequent skin lesions
Use:
Moderate to severe atopic eczema
Asthma with eosinophilic phenotype
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)
Side Effects:
Injection site reactions, conjunctivitis, upper respiratory tract infections
uestion: How does Omalizumab work?
Answer:
Class: Monoclonal Antibody
Mechanism: Binds to IgE, preventing it from binding to mast cells and releasing inflammatory mediators
Use:
Prophylaxis of severe allergic asthma
Side Effects:
Headache, skin reactions, and uncommon side effects like cough, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue
