anti viral

Answer 1

ACYCLOVIR
Class: Guanosine Analogue
Mechanism: Inhibits viral DNA replication. Prodrug converted to acyclovir triphosphate (active form), which competes with dGTP and inhibits viral DNA polymerase, causing chain termination.
Indication: Treats infections caused by herpesviruses (HSV, Herpes Zoster, Varicella Zoster).
Side Effects: Skin reactions, vomiting, diarrhea.

Answer 2

MARAVIROC
Class: Antiretroviral
Mechanism: CCR5 co-receptor antagonist. Blocks HIV from entering human cells by binding to the CCR5 receptor on CD4 cells, preventing HIV-1 gp120 from interacting with CCR5.
Indication: Used in combination for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection.
Side Effects: Depression, diarrhea, insomnia, increased risk of infection.

Answer 3

RALTEGRAVIR
Class: Antiretroviral
Mechanism: Inhibits HIV integrase, preventing the viral genome from integrating into the human genome.
Indication: Used for the treatment of HIV in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
Side Effects: Depression, diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, fever, GI discomfort.

Answer 4

ZIDOVUDINE
Class: Dideoxynucleoside
Mechanism: Structural analogue of thymidine, converted to zidovudine triphosphate (ZDV-TP), which inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by causing DNA chain termination.
Indication: Used in combination with other antiretroviral agents for HIV treatment.
Side Effects: Leucopenia, malaise, myalgia.

Answer 5

OSELTAMIVIR (Tamiflu)
Class: Neuraminidase Inhibitor
Mechanism: Prodrug, converted to oseltamivir carboxylate, which inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase, reducing viral shedding and infectivity.
Indication: Used to treat and prevent influenza A and B.
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, headache.

Answer 6

MOLNUPIRAVIR
Class: Prodrug
Mechanism: Converted to hydroxycytidine, which is incorporated into the viral genome, causing accumulation of inactivating mutations leading to viral error catastrophe.
Indication: Used to treat COVID-19.
Side Effects: Diarrhea, dizziness, headache, nausea.