s hormones

Answer 1

Drug Name: TESTOSTERONE, MESTEROLONE
Class: Androgen Receptor Agonist
Mechanism of Action: Binds to androgen receptors to modulate gene expression.
Indications: Primary and secondary hypogonadism in men, delayed puberty, osteoporosis-related hypogonadism.
Side Effects: Hot flush, hypertension, polycythemia, prostate abnormalities, skin reaction, weight increase.

Answer 2

Drug Name: FINASTERIDE, DUTASTERIDE
Class: 5alpha-Reductase Inhibitor
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the conversion of testosterone to DHT, reducing prostate size and hair follicle miniaturization.
Indications: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), androgenic alopecia.
Side Effects: Sexual dysfunction (decreased libido, erectile dysfunction), breast abnormalities, mood disorder.

Answer 3

FLUTAMIDE
Class: Non-Steroidal Antiandrogen
Mechanism of Action: Blocks androgen effects, preventing growth and spread of cancer cells.
Indications: Advanced prostate cancer.
Side Effects: Increased appetite, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hepatitis, gynecomastia, breast tenderness, galactorrhea, somnolence, transient liver dysfunction.

Answer 4

Drug Name: CYPROTERONE ACETATE
Class: Sex Hormone and Modulator of the Genital System (Antiandrogen)
Mechanism of Action: Blocks androgen receptors and inhibits gonadal androgen production.
Indications: Control of libido in severe hypersexuality and/or sexual deviation in adult males.
Side Effects: Depressed mood, dyspnea, fatigue, gynecomastia, hepatic disorders, hot flush, weight change.

Answer 5

Drug Name: SILDENAFIL, TADALAFIL, VARDENAFIL
Class: Erectile Dysfunction Drugs
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits PDE5, preventing the breakdown of cGMP and enhancing smooth muscle relaxation and blood flow to the penis.
Indications: Erectile dysfunction (requires sexual stimulation).
Side Effects: Alopecia, anxiety, cough, dizziness, gastrointestinal discomfort, headaches, nasal issues, nausea.

Answer 6

Drug Name: YCT-529
Class: Hormone-Free Male Contraceptive
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits retinoic acid receptor alpha, which is essential for sperm production, leading to reversible infertility.
Indications: Male contraception.
Side Effects: Not applicable (under Phase I trial).

Answer 7

Drug Name: VASELGEL
Class: Hormone-Free Male Contraceptive
Mechanism of Action: Hydrogel polymer injected into the vas deferens to block sperm passage, reversible through flushing.
Indications: Male contraception (alternative to vasectomy).
Side Effects: Not applicable (preclinical trial).

Answer 8

NES/T (Nestorone/Testosterone) Gel
Class: Hormone Male Contraceptive
Mechanism of Action: Combination of Nestorone (a synthetic progestin) and testosterone to suppress sperm production and maintain androgenic function.
Indications: Male contraception.
Side Effects: Not applicable (Phase IIb).

Answer 9

LEVONORGESTREL, NORETHISTERONE, DESOGESTREL, DROSPIRENONE
Class: Progesterone-Only Contraceptive (POC)
Mechanism of Action: Inhibition of ovulation, thickens cervical mucus, and makes the endometrium less receptive to implantation.
Indications: Female contraception.
Side Effects: Irregular bleeding, mood changes, nausea, acne, breast pain, weight increase.
Warning: Avoid in thrombosis, jaundice, and certain cancers

Answer 10

MYCOGYNON (Levonorgestrel + EE), YASMIN (Drospirenone + EE), RIGEVIDON, MARVELON
Class: Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC)
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits ovulation, stabilizes hormonal fluctuations, and reduces risks of ovarian/endometrial cancers.
Indications: Female contraception, cycle regulation, relief from PMS, dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia.
Side Effects: Breakthrough bleeding, breast tenderness, nausea, headache, VTE (rare), hypertension (due to estrogen).
Warning: Avoid in high BMI, uncontrolled hypertension, gallbladder disease.

Answer 11

LEVONELLE/LEVONOGESTREL
Class: Emergency Contraceptive
Mechanism of Action: Prevents ovulation or fertilization after unprotected intercourse.
Indications: Emergency contraception within 72 hours.
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache.

Answer 12

ELLA ONE
Class: Emergency Contraceptive
Mechanism of Action: Contains ulipristal acetate, which inhibits or delays ovulation.
Indications: Emergency contraception within 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected intercourse.
Side Effects: Nausea, headache, abdominal pain.