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PHRM > ✅Antibiotics - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors > Flashcards

✅Antibiotics - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

Mnemonic for Protein Synthesis Inhibitors and ribosomal subunit involved

A

Buy AT 30 CELLS at 50

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin (Macrolides)
Lincosamides (Clindamycin)
Linezolid
Streptogramins
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2
Q

Broad spectrum protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Chloramphenicol

Tetracyclines

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3
Q

Moderate spectrum protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Macrolides

Ketolides

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4
Q

Narrow spectrum protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Linosamides
Streptogramins
Linezolid

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5
Q

MOA of chloramphenicol

A

Inhibits transpeptidation at 50S subunit

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6
Q

Notable side effects of chloramphenicol

A

GI disturbances, Aplastic anemia, Gray baby syndrome

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of gray baby syndrome?

A

Dec RBC, cyanosis, and cardiovascular collapse due to neonates being deficient in hepatic glucoronosyltransferase

Very sensitive to chloramphenicol

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8
Q

MOA of tetracyclines

A

Binds at 30s

TeTracycline - blocks aTTachment of T-RNA to acceptor site

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9
Q

Broadest spectrum tetracycline

A

Tigecycline

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10
Q

Do not drink tetracycline with ____ because of decreased absorption

A

Milk

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11
Q

Notable SE of tetracyclines

A

GI distrbance, teratogen (tooth enamel dysplasia/discoloration) Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Photosensitivity, Vestibulotoxicity

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12
Q

All macrolides inhibit CYP450 except

A

Azithromycin

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13
Q

What is used during macrolide resistance?

A

Telithromycin

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14
Q

Of all macrolides, ___ has the higest Vd and slowest elimination

A

Azithromycin

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15
Q

SE of macrolides

A

GI disturbance, cholestatic hepatitis, QT prolongation

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16
Q

Lincosamide

A

Clindamycin

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17
Q

antibiotic mainly used in anaerobic infection

A

Clindamycin (lincosamides)

18
Q

Notable SE of Clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

19
Q

______ for anaerobic infections ABOVE the diaphragm

______ for anaerobic infections BELOW the diaphragm

A

Clindamycin

Metronidazole

20
Q

Drug class of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin

A

Streptogramin

21
Q

Main Use of Strptogramin and Linezolid

A

For drug resistant gram positive cocci (MRSA, VRSA, VRE)

22
Q

Main SE of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin

A

Injection site reactions

Arthralgia-Myalgia syndrome

23
Q

Main SE of linezolid

A

Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, serotonin syndrome, neuropathy, optic neuritis

24
Q

What effect is described?

Killing action of antibiotic continues when their plasma levels have declined below measurable levels.

A

Post-antibiotic effect

25
Q

Post-antibiotic effect is seen in which drug class?

A

Aminoglycosides

26
Q

Aminoglycosides can be administered orally. T or F.

A

FALSE.

They are not absorbed after oral administration.

Only IM or IV.

27
Q

What aminoglycoside has the narrowest therapeutic window?

A

Amikacin

28
Q

Aminoglycosides are good for anaerobes. T or F

A

FALSE.

Aminoglycosides need O2 for transport and won’t work under anaerobic conditions.

29
Q

Specific MOA of aminoglycoside

A

Binds to 30s subunit

Prevents formation of initiation complex and promotes misreading of the code on mRNA

30
Q

____ is often resistant to many enzymes that inactivate other aminoglycosides

A

Amikacin

31
Q

Resistance to Streptomycin develops due to ________

A

changes in the ribosomal binding site

32
Q

Main SE of aminoglycosides

Which one are reversible and irreversible

A

NOT

Nephrotox (reversible)
Ototox (irreversible)
Teratogen

33
Q

Most vestibulotoxic aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin

Tobramycin

34
Q

Most ototoxic aminoglycosides

A

Amikacin

Kanamycin

35
Q

Most nephrotoxic aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin

Tobramycin

36
Q

Teratogenic effect of streptomycin

A

Congenital deafness

37
Q

Aside from TB, Streptomycin is also used for

A

Bubonic plague, Tularemia, Brucellosis

38
Q

Aminoglycoside used for bowel prep in elective surgery

A

Neomycin

39
Q

Aminoglycoside used for visceral leishmaniasis

A

Paromomycin

40
Q

What do you use to reverse neuromuscular blockade in aminoglycosides?

A

calcium gluconate and neostigmine

41
Q

Aminoglycoside used in drug ressistant gonorrhoea or penicillin allergic patients with gonorrhea

A

Spectinomycin

42
Q

Aminoglycosides notorious for skin reactions

A

Neomycin and Streptomycin

PHRM (14 decks)

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