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anatomical direction > Antiepileptic/Sedatives/ANALGESICS > Flashcards

Antiepileptic/Sedatives/ANALGESICS Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Anti-epileptic Drugs

A

Phenobarbital
Potassium bromide
Imepitoin
benzodiazepines

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2
Q

Phenobarbital

A
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3
Q

benzodiazepines: Name 3

A

Midazolam
Diazapam
levetiracetam

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4
Q

SEDATIVES & Tranquilisers

What is the difference

A

Sedative
* Calms nervousness and excitement, make patients sleepy

Tranquiliser (neuroleptics)
* Calms or quiets an anxious patient

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5
Q

Example of sedatives

A

Medetomidine

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6
Q

Example of tranquilisers

A

Acepromazine
Diazepam

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7
Q

What are neuroplastics

A

antipsychotics

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8
Q

Ketamine

A

sedative

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9
Q

Phenothiazine /Acepromazine, advantages?

A

Synergistic effect with opioids
Lasts for up to 6 hours

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10
Q

Phenothiazine /Acepromazine, disadvantages?

A

Slow onset – 30-45 mins
Sedation not as deep.
Contraindicated

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11
Q

Alpha-2 agonists – Medetomidine, advantages?

A

Induces profound sedation
Antagonist available, (Atipamezole)

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12
Q

Alpha-2 agonists – Medetomidine disadvantages?

A

(reduced heart rate)
Contraindicated
Analgesic effect lasts for 45-60 minutes

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13
Q

Ketamine – Schedule?

A

Schedule 2

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14
Q

Ketamine advantages

A

Provides good sedation and
analgesia when given with another sedative (CATS)

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15
Q

Ketamine disadvantages

A

Causes muscle rigidity and
excitement
hallucinogenic effects

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16
Q

Benzodiazepines – Diazepam, advantages?

A

Good in young or sick patients.
Sedation increased with opioids

17
Q

Benzodiazepines – Diazepam disadvantages

A

minimal effects on
healthy animals
Can cause excitement
problems with breathing

18
Q

Atropine advantages

A

Rapid action (1-5min)

19
Q

Atropine disadvantages

A

Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma

20
Q

How are Opiate Analgesics categorised?

A

by the opioid receptor (Mu, Kappa)

21
Q

Opioid Analgesics examples

A

fentanyl
morphine
methadone

22
Q

Fentanyl has a short action period which is

A

10-20 min

23
Q

There are two forms of immunity

A

Passive and active

24
Q

Passive immunity

A

Via the transfer of maternal antibodies
(lasting 1-3 months)

25
Q

Active immunity

A

The immune system stimulated by exposure to a
pathogen
* Exposed to an infection
* Via a vaccine

26
Q

Antigen

A
27
Q

Antibody

A
28
Q

Define LIVE VACCINE

A

Live organisms still capable of replication, but not disease

29
Q

DEAD OR ATTENUATED VACCINE

A

Inactivated organisms that no longer replicate

30
Q

MULTIVALENT VACCINE

A

contains antigens to multiple diseases

31
Q

Adjuvant

A

added to the vaccine to increase the immune response
induced

32
Q

Toxoid

A

Toxins from microorganisms that will still induce an immune response
but are no longer harmful

33
Q

Veterinary pharmacovigilance activities in the UK are governed
by a regulatory framework comprised of

A

the UK Veterinary
Medicines Regulations 2013

anatomical direction (21 decks)

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