Antiepileptic/Sedatives/ANALGESICS

Question 1

Name the Anti-epileptic Drugs

Answer 1

Phenobarbital
Potassium bromide
Imepitoin
benzodiazepines

Question 2

Phenobarbital

Question 3

benzodiazepines: Name 3

Answer 3

Midazolam
Diazapam
levetiracetam

Question 4

SEDATIVES & Tranquilisers

What is the difference

Answer 4

Sedative
* Calms nervousness and excitement, make patients sleepy

Tranquiliser (neuroleptics)
* Calms or quiets an anxious patient

Question 5

Example of sedatives

Answer 5

Medetomidine

Question 6

Example of tranquilisers

Answer 6

Acepromazine
Diazepam

Question 7

What are neuroplastics

Answer 7

antipsychotics

Question 8

Ketamine

Answer 8

sedative

Question 9

Phenothiazine /Acepromazine, advantages?

Answer 9

Synergistic effect with opioids
Lasts for up to 6 hours

Question 10

Phenothiazine /Acepromazine, disadvantages?

Answer 10

Slow onset – 30-45 mins
Sedation not as deep.
Contraindicated

Question 11

Alpha-2 agonists – Medetomidine, advantages?

Answer 11

Induces profound sedation
Antagonist available, (Atipamezole)

Question 12

Alpha-2 agonists – Medetomidine disadvantages?

Answer 12

(reduced heart rate)
Contraindicated
Analgesic effect lasts for 45-60 minutes

Question 13

Ketamine – Schedule?

Answer 13

Schedule 2

Question 14

Ketamine advantages

Answer 14

Provides good sedation and
analgesia when given with another sedative (CATS)

Question 15

Ketamine disadvantages

Answer 15

Causes muscle rigidity and
excitement
hallucinogenic effects

Question 16

Benzodiazepines – Diazepam, advantages?

Answer 16

Good in young or sick patients.
Sedation increased with opioids

Question 17

Benzodiazepines – Diazepam disadvantages

Answer 17

minimal effects on
healthy animals
Can cause excitement
problems with breathing

Question 18

Atropine advantages

Answer 18

Rapid action (1-5min)

Question 19

Atropine disadvantages

Answer 19

Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma

Question 20

How are Opiate Analgesics categorised?

Answer 20

by the opioid receptor (Mu, Kappa)

Question 21

Opioid Analgesics examples

Answer 21

fentanyl
morphine
methadone

Question 22

Fentanyl has a short action period which is

Answer 22

10-20 min

Question 23

There are two forms of immunity

Answer 23

Passive and active

Question 24

Passive immunity

Answer 24

Via the transfer of maternal antibodies
(lasting 1-3 months)

Question 25

Active immunity

Answer 25

The immune system stimulated by exposure to a pathogen * Exposed to an infection * Via a vaccine

Question 26

Antigen

Question 27

Antibody

Question 28

Define LIVE VACCINE

Answer 28

Live organisms still capable of replication, but not disease

Question 29

DEAD OR ATTENUATED VACCINE

Answer 29

Inactivated organisms that no longer replicate

Question 30

MULTIVALENT VACCINE

Answer 30

contains antigens to multiple diseases

Question 31

Adjuvant

Answer 31

added to the vaccine to increase the immune response induced

Question 32

Toxoid

Answer 32

Toxins from microorganisms that will still induce an immune response but are no longer harmful

Question 33

Veterinary pharmacovigilance activities in the UK are governed by a regulatory framework comprised of

Answer 33

the UK Veterinary Medicines Regulations 2013