Urinary system

Question 1

Composition Of Blood
(7)

Answer 1

White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Nutrients
Plasma proteins
Chemicals (waste)
Water

Question 2

The Urinary System function

Answer 2

homeostasis
Excretion
Osmoregulation
Endocrine gland

Question 3

Osmoregulation

Answer 3

This keeps the chemical composition and volume of the blood constant by
eliminating excess water and salts

Question 4

• Endocrine gland

Answer 4

Secretes the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the bone marrow to produce erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 5

How are toxins broken down

Answer 5

Excess amino acids/proteins produces waste = Ammonia
Ammonia is filtered and converted by Liver into Urea and Uric acid.
Which is Filtered by kidneys
Excreted as Urine

Question 6

Creatinine

Answer 6

Generated by normal cell metabolism
within the muscles

Question 7

In a blood test what can indicate functioning quality of the kidneys

Answer 7

Blood urea and creatinine

Question 8

UROGENITAL SYSTEM

Answer 8

Urinary and reproductive systems are linked

Question 9

HILUS

Answer 9

where blood vessels, nerves and ureters enter and
leave the kidney

Question 10

The kidneys do no not lie equal distances

Answer 10

Left more caudal

Question 11

capsule function and structure

Answer 11

Fibrous tissue capsule
* Tough outer coat
* Protects kidney
* Surrounded by fat

Question 12

Cortex

Answer 12

Outer layer
* Contains renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules of the nephrons
* Dark in colour

Question 13

Medulla

Answer 13

Paler than cortex
Pyramids -collecting ducts of the nephrons
loops of Henle

Question 14

Name the structures within the nephron

Answer 14

• Glomerular or Bowman’s capsule
• Proximal convoluted tubule
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule
• Collecting duct

Question 15

Kidneys blood supply

Answer 15

From aorta to renal artery

Question 16

glomerulus

Answer 16

Network of capillaries within the bowmans capsule

Question 17

renal corpuscle

Answer 17

A capsule and a glomerulus together

Question 18

Proximal convoluted tubule function

Answer 18

Water and electrolytes are reabsorbed

Question 19

Function of Loop of Henle

Answer 19

concentrates urine

Question 20

Function of Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 20

final adjustments are made to the electrolyte content of the urine

Question 21

function of Collecting ducts

Answer 21

Collects urine from several nephrons and empties into the pelvis of the
kidney

Question 22

ultrafiltration

Answer 22

The action blood being filtered by the glomerulus

Question 23

glomerular filtrate

Answer 23

Fluid produced by the kidney after the blood has been filtered

Question 24

Proximal Convoluted Tubule absorbs what types of molecules

Answer 24

water
sodium
glucose

Question 25

What is absorbed in the loop of henle

Answer 25

sodium ions and chloride ions are reabsorbed

Question 26

Descending limb vs Ascending limb of loop of henle

Answer 26

* Descending limb: * Permeable to water * Filtrate becomes more concentrated * Ascending limb: * Impermeable to water * Contains sodium pumps * Filtrate becomes less concentrated

Question 27

Where are sodium pumps located

Answer 27

loop of Henle's descending limb

Question 28

Where does Selective Reabsorption occur

Answer 28

Distal Convoluted tubule

Question 29

aldosterone

Answer 29

hormone controls absorption of sodium ions

Question 30

thyrocalcitonin and parathormone controls the reabsorption of?

Answer 30

Calcium

Question 31

Active Secretion function

Answer 31

To maintain acid base balance y secreting hydrogen ions

Question 32

pH of blood

Answer 32

7.4

Question 33

what changes the permeability of the duct walls to water

Answer 33

ADH produced by the posterior pituitary gland

Question 34

Uraemia

Answer 34

toxicity resulting when the kidney is not able to filter blood adequately

Question 35

Diuresis

Answer 35

therapy where extra fluid is provided thus giving the kidney its excretion medium to remove toxic waste

Question 36

Dialysis

Answer 36

use of a fluid (dialyzer) to force the diffusion of certain solutes from the blood.

Question 37

Urine is made up of?

Answer 37

* 96% water * 4% solids

Question 38

urine pH of a healthy dog or cat is between

Answer 38

(Dog 6.5, Cat 6)

Question 39

For every 100 litres of blood filtered, how much urine is secreted

Answer 39

1 litre

Question 40

Ureters tissue type

Answer 40

smooth muscle

Question 41

Urine moves along the ureters using

Answer 41

peristalsis

Question 42

ureterovesical valve Trigone

Answer 42

prevents urine backflow into ureters

Question 43

Bladder wall consists of

Answer 43

Transitional cell epithelium Submucosal layer of elastic tissue and smooth muscle Peritoneum

Question 44

(detrusor muscle)

Question 45

Internal sphincter is under what type of control

Answer 45

involuntary

Question 46

External sphincter is under what type of control

Answer 46

voluntary

Question 47

Voluntary control is not fully developed in puppies and kittens until?

Answer 47

10 weeks of age

Question 48

In the female the urethra open where

Answer 48

vagina and vestibule

Question 49

In the male dog The urethra is divided into 2 parts

Answer 49

pelvic urethra and the penile urethra

Question 50

Renin

Answer 50

Produced from glomeruli * Due to fall in arterial pressure

Question 51

angiotensinogen is converted into?

Answer 51

Converted to angiotensin by renin

Question 52

Function of Angiotensin

Answer 52

* Causes vasoconstriction * Stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

Question 53

Function of Antidiuretic hormone in the kidneys?

Answer 53

Increases water permeability of collecting duct

Question 54

Where is ADH produced

Answer 54

Posterier pituitary gland

Question 55

function of Baroreceptors

Answer 55

Detects pressure change

Question 56

Osmoreceptors

Answer 56

Hypothalamus

Question 57

The kidneys produce three important hormones:

Answer 57

* Erythropoietin (EPO) * Active vitamin D * Renin

Question 58

Erythropoietin

Answer 58

Stimulates RBC production within the bone marrow

Question 59

Vitamin D function in the kidneys

Answer 59

Regulates blood levels of calcium and phosphorus

Question 60

Renin function

Answer 60

Controls blood vessel stability Regulates blood pressure. Converts enzymes