Antimicrobials

Question 1

DOC for herpes and its MOA

Answer 1

Acyclovir; activates thymidine kinase

Question 2

Neurotoxicity with isoniazid (INH) prevented by

Answer 2

Administration of Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 3

Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC of otitis media

Answer 3

Amoxicillin

Question 4

Drug of choice for Legionnaires’ disease

Answer 4

Azithromycin (or macrolides)

Question 5

HIV med used to reduce transmission during birth

Answer 5

AZT (zidovudine)

Question 6

Lactam that can be used in PCN allergic patients

Answer 6

Aztreonam

Question 7

MOA of nystatin

Answer 7

Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane

Question 8

Vancomycin MOA

Answer 8

Binds D-Ala-D-Ala on murein monomers and prevent polymerization of the murein monomers

Question 9

MOA of penicillin

Answer 9

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase and block peptidoglycan cross-linkage

Question 10

PCN active against pseudomonas

Answer 10

Carbenicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin

Question 11

Reason fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy

Answer 11

Cartilage damage

Question 12

Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB

Answer 12

Cefixime (2nd) and 3rd generation

Question 13

DOC for N. gonorrhea

Answer 13

Ceftriaxone

Question 14

Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates

Answer 14

Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime

Question 15

Class of antibiotics that have 10% cross sensitivity with penicillins

Answer 15

Cephalosporins

Question 16

Drug that causes gray baby syndrome and aplastic anemia

Answer 16

Chloramphenicol

Question 17

Drug notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 17

Clindamycin

Question 18

Drug of choice for leprosy

Answer 18

Dapsone

Question 19

Mechanism of action of tetracycline

Answer 19

Decreases protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosome and prevent binding of tRNA to A site

Question 20

Antivirals that are teratogens

Answer 20

Delavirdine, efavirenz, and ribavirin

Question 21

Anti-viral with a dose limiting toxicity of pancreatitis

Answer 21

Didanosine

Question 22

Metronidazole SE if given with alcohol

Answer 22

Disulfiram-like reaction

Question 23

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute pyelonephritis

Answer 23

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 24

DOC for CMV retinitis

Answer 24

Ganciclovir

Question 25

Antivirals associated with neutropenia

Answer 25

Ganciclovir, zidovudine, saquinavir, and interferon

Question 26

SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole

Answer 26

Gynecomastia

Question 27

MOA of sulfonamides

Answer 27

Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase

Question 28

MOA of fluoroquinolones

Answer 28

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV

Question 29

Mechanism of action of macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin)

Answer 29

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of 23S rRNA of 50S ribosome subunit

Question 30

Anemia caused by trimethoprim

Answer 30

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 31

Penicillins active against penicillinase secreting bacteria

Answer 31

Methicillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin

Question 32

Drug of choice for tx of pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 32

Metronidazole

Question 33

DOC for giardia, bacterial vaginosis, pseudomembranous colitis, and trichomonas

Answer 33

Metronidazole

Question 34

Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne

Answer 34

Minocycline

Question 35

SE for ganciclovir

Answer 35

Myelosuppression

Question 36

Two toxicities of aminoglycosides

Answer 36

nephro and ototoxicity

Question 37

Toxicity of amphotericin

Answer 37

Nephrotoxicity

Question 38

Anti-viral agents associated with Stephen Johnson syndrome

Answer 38

Nevirapine, amprenavir

Question 39

Drug used in Chagas disease

Answer 39

Nifurtimox

Question 40

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis

Answer 40

Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin

Question 41

Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 41

ORAL vancomycin

Question 42

Common side effect of Rifampin

Answer 42

Orange urine discoloration

Question 43

DOC for influenza A and B

Answer 43

Oseltamivir or Zanamivir

Question 44

SE of INH

Answer 44

Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis

Question 45

Type of resistance found with vancomycin

Answer 45

Point mutation

Question 46

Drug used in exoerythrocytic cycle of malaria

Answer 46

Primaquine

Question 47

HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism

Answer 47

Protease inhibitors

Question 48

DOC for RSV

Answer 48

Ribavirin

Question 49

Meningitis prophylaxis in exposed patients

Answer 49

Rifampin

Question 50

Treatment for TB patients (think RIPE)

Answer 50

Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol

Question 51

Technique used to diagnose perianal itching, and the drug used to treat it

Answer 51

Scotch tape technique and mebendazole

Question 52

SE of imipenem

Answer 52

Seizures

Question 53

Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic

Answer 53

Streptomycin

Question 54

Anti-bacterials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients

Answer 54

Sulfonamides

Question 55

Drug used for African sleeping sickness

Answer 55

Suramin

Question 56

Drug causes teeth discoloration

Answer 56

Tetracycline

Question 57

Topical DOC in impetigo

Answer 57

Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)

Question 58

Drug used for MRSA

Answer 58

Vancomycin

Question 59

Antibiotic causing red-man syndrome, and prevention

Answer 59

Vancomycin, can be prevented by infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines