Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists Flashcards
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A
Inhibit synaptic activity of primary afferents and spinal cord pain transmission neurons
Ascending pathways
Partial opioid agonist, considered a strong analgesic, has a long duration of action and is resistant to naloxone reversal
Buprenorphine
Moderate opioid agonists
Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone
These agents are used as antitussive
Dextromethorphan, Codeine
These agents are used as antidiarrheal
Diphenoxylate, Loperamide
Opioid available trans-dermally
Fentanyl
All opioids except this agent (which has a muscarinic blocking action) cause pupillary constriction
Meperidine
Use of this opioid with MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma, and with SSRI’s can lead to serotonin syndrome
Meperidine
Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states
Methadone
Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except
Miosis, convulsions and constipation
Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema
Morphine
Opioids used in anesthesia
Morphine and fentanyl
Strong opioid agonists
Morphine, methadone, meperidine, and fentanyl
Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA
Naloxone
Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs
Naltrexone
SE of these drugs include dependence, withdrawal syndrome, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression nausea and vomiting, constipation, biliary spasm, increased ureteral and bladder tone, and reduction in uterine tone
Opioid Analgesics
Activation of these receptors open K+ ion channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization
Postsynaptic Mu receptors
Activation of these receptors close Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release and pain transmission
Presynaptic mu, delta, and kappa receptors
Weak opioid agonist, poor analgesic, its overdose can cause severe toxicity including respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema, and seizures
Propoxyphene
