Antimicrobials Review

Question 1

What are the three classes in the beta lactam abx family?

Answer 1

Penicillins, cephalosporins, Carbapenems

Question 2

Binds to PBP to disrupt cross-linking of peptidoglycan causing weakness and rupture of the cell wall

Answer 2

Beta lactams

Question 3

Drugs that work on the bacterial cell wall or cell membrane

Answer 3

Beta lactams, glycopeptides, polypeptides, and bacitracins

Question 4

Commonly combined w/other abx in ophthalmic preparations

Answer 4

Bacitracin

Question 5

Big gun abx that bind up peptidoglycan polymers to prevent cross-linking

Answer 5

Glycopeptides

Question 6

Vancomycin is what type of abx?

Answer 6

Glycopeptide

Question 7

Which abx damage the cell membrane and are only used topically d/t potential toxicity?

Answer 7

Polypeptides

Question 8

Which drugs disrupt protein synthesis of bacteria?

Answer 8

Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols

Question 9

Which abx work at the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes?

Answer 9

Macrolides, lincosamides, phenicols

Question 10

Which of the protein synthesis inhibitors is also disrupts proofreading?

Answer 10

Aminoglycosides

Question 11

Which abx work at the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes?

Answer 11

Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides

Question 12

Which abx disrupt conversion of PABA to folic acid and thereby disrupts formation of RNA?

Answer 12

Sulfonamides

Question 13

What abx are bacteriostatic on their own but can be bactericidal when combined with other abx?

Answer 13

Sulfonamides

Question 14

Which abx inhibit DNS-gyrase to cause failrue of superhelix formation?

Answer 14

Fluoroquinolones

Question 15

Which abx damage/affect production of DNA/RNA?

Answer 15

Fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides

Question 16

Which abx is really good against anaerobes?

Answer 16

Metronidazole

Question 17

What is the abx of choice for rickettsial diseases?

Answer 17

Doxycycline

Question 18

What abx is contraindicated for use in guinea pigs?

Answer 18

Streptomycin

Question 19

Spectrum of activity includes gram +, anaerobes, and limited gram -

Answer 19

Penicillins

Question 20

Spectrum of activity includes gram +/- and anaerobes

Answer 20

Cephalosporins, TMS, Chloramphenicol

Question 21

Which classes of abx should NOT be used in rabbits?

Answer 21

Cephalosporins, penicillins, lincosamides, macrolides

Question 22

Which abx can be ototoxic and nephrotoxic and should be used with caution in animals w/renal dz or hypovolemia?

Answer 22

Aminoglycosides

Question 23

Spectrum of activity includes gram - only

Answer 23

Aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones

Question 24

Which abx can damage cartilage in young animals?

Answer 24

Fluoroquinolones

Question 25

Spectrum of activity includes gram +/-, anaerobes, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and rickettsial organisms

Answer 25

Tetracyclines

Question 26

Which abx can cause discoloration of the teeth?

Answer 26

Tetracyclines

Question 27

Which abx causes bone marrow suppression in humans that come in contact with it?

Answer 27

Chloramphenicol

Question 28

How do you treat R. equi pneumonia in foals?

Answer 28

Rifampin

Question 29

Spectrum of activity includes gram + and anaerobes

Answer 29

Macrolides and lincosamides

Question 30

Spectrum of activity includes anaerobes and protozoa

Answer 30

Metronidazole

Question 31

Which abx can have neurologic side effects?

Answer 31

Metronidazole