Cardio Review 3

Question 1

Sinus rhythm w/low HR

Answer 1

Sinus bradycardia

Question 2

What ECG characteristics will you see w/sinus bradycardia?

Answer 2

Long RR

Question 3

What is the most common cause of sinus bradycardia?

Answer 3

Increased/high vagal tone

Question 4

What is the maximum threshold for sinus tachycardia in dogs and in cats?

Answer 4

Rarely >220 in dogs and >280 in cats

Question 5

What ECG characteristics will you see w/sinus tachycardia?

Answer 5

Short RR, P waves superimposed on T waves

Question 6

What is the most common cause of sinus tachycardia?

Answer 6

High sympathetic tone

Question 7

What are causes of high sympathetic tone?

Answer 7

Hypotension, hypoxia, anemia, pain

Question 8

When is sinus tachycardia considered “normal” and should not be suppressed?

Answer 8

Fear/excitement

Question 9

What cardio condition causes a “tracheal sign” on rads?

Answer 9

PRAA

Question 10

With PRAA, which aortic arch is persistent in fetal development?

Answer 10

4th

Question 11

At what age should “innocent” murmurs disappear?

Answer 11

6 months of age

Question 12

Premature depolarization generated by ectopic impulses in the atrium

Answer 12

SVPC/APC

Question 13

What ECG characteristics will you see with APCs?

Answer 13

P’, narrow QRS, followed by a pause

Question 14

What endocrine disease can cause APCs?

Answer 14

Hyperthyroidism

Question 15

What is the most common cause of APCs?

Answer 15

Atrial dilation

Question 16

What type of atrial tumor can cause APCs?

Answer 16

Hemangiosarcoma

Question 17

When is treatment for APCs considered?

Answer 17

Only if frequent sustained

Question 18

What is the first choice of treatment for SVT?

Answer 18

Diltiazem

Question 19

> 3 consecutive APCs w/fast HR

Answer 19

SVT

Question 20

What characteristics will you see on SVT ECG?

Answer 20

P’, narrow QRS, sustained regular rhythm

Question 21

Chaotic/disorganized and rapid ventricular impulses

Answer 21

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 22

Fatal rhythm

Answer 22

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 23

Which rhythm is considered an emergency d/t its ability to deteriorate into V-fib?

Answer 23

Ventricular tachycardia

Question 24

Which rhythm has the same features as VF but without tachycardia?

Answer 24

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR)

Question 25

What e-lyte abnormality causes AIVR?

Answer 25

Hypokalemia

Question 26

Erratic waves of variable morphology on ECG indicate what rhythm?

Answer 26

V-fib

Question 27

Ventricles quivering instead of contracting

Answer 27

V-fib

Question 28

Which rhythm is assoc. w/no cardiac output and therefore no BP?

Answer 28

V-fib

Question 29

How do you treat unstable V-tach?

Answer 29

IV lidocaine

Question 30

How do you treat stable V-tach?

Answer 30

Oral mexiletine/sotalol

Question 31

What e-lyte imbalance can cause VPCs and VT?

Answer 31

Hypokalemia

Question 32

What ECG characteristics will you see with VPCs?

Answer 32

Premature and wide QRS not assoc. w/P wave

Question 33

What ECG characteristics will you see with VT?

Answer 33

Wide and bizarre QRS, no P waves, uniform waveform

Question 34

Premature depolarization generated by ectopic focus in ventricular tissue

Answer 34

VPCs

Question 35

Pathologic tachycardia originating above ventricles

Answer 35

SVT

Question 36

Chaotic and rapid arterial impulses (400-1200/min)

Answer 36

A-fib

Question 37

No coordinated atrial contraction leading to ventricles activated at a fast rate and at irregular intervals

Answer 37

A-fib

Question 38

Which rhythm requires a large surface area to occur?

Answer 38

A-fib

Question 39

What ECG characteristics will you see with A-fib?

Answer 39

No P waves, narrow QRS, fine baseline undulations

Question 40

How do you treat A-fib?

Answer 40

Rate control w/diltiazem (some + digoxin)

Question 41

Organized and rapid arterial impulse

Answer 41

Atrial flutter

Question 42

Saw tooth morphology on ECG

Answer 42

Atrial flutter

Question 43

If you suspect atrial flutter but HR is too fast to diagnose, how can you slow the HR?

Answer 43

Vagal maneuver

Question 44

What ECG characteristics will you see with atrial flutter?

Answer 44

No P waves (saw tooth instead), narrow QRS