Endocrine Review 2

Question 1

What endocrine disease causes bilaterally symmetrical alopecia?

Answer 1

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)

Question 2

What endocrine disease produces a pendulous abdomen?

Answer 2

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)

Question 3

Calcinosis cutis is a consequence of which endocrine disease?

Answer 3

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)

Question 4

What is the typical reason that a Cushingoid dog presents to the vet?

Answer 4

“Being old” and urinating in inappropriate places

Question 5

Excessive panting can be a clinical sign of which endocrine disease?

Answer 5

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)

Question 6

What type of hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s) is most common?

Answer 6

PDH (80-85% of cases)

Question 7

Pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s) is caused by what?

Answer 7

ACTH-secreting tumor

Question 8

What is the ratio of adrenal carcinoma: adrenal adenomas that cause hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)?

Answer 8

50/50

Question 9

How common are bilateral adrenal tumors?

Answer 9

Rare

Question 10

If bilateral adrenal tumors are present, how will they present?

Answer 10

Nonfunctional on one side and pheochromocytoma of opposite adrenal

Question 11

What test do ALL suspect cushingoid dogs have performed?

Answer 11

Urine culture

Question 12

How do you dx hyperadrenocorticism?

Answer 12

LDDST

Question 13

How does dexamethasone administration affect a normal dog?

Answer 13

Normally decreases ACTH

Question 14

No suppression at 8h on a LDDST indicates what disease?

Answer 14

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)

Question 15

How do you ddx PDH from AT?

Answer 15

No suppression @ 8h + 50% suppression @ 4h = PDH

Question 16

What is the test of choice for iatrogenic Cushings/Addison’s?

Answer 16

ACTH stim test

Question 17

How does ketoconazole help treat hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)?

Answer 17

Decreases circulating cortisol concentrations

Question 18

Synthetic steroid that inhibits cortisol and aldosterone but can cause hyperK

Answer 18

Trilostane

Question 19

This drug helps dogs “pee in the right places” but doesn’t necessarily treat Cushing’s

Answer 19

Anipryl

Question 20

What is the treatment of choice for AT Cushing’s?

Answer 20

Adrenalectomy (commonly done in ferrets)

Question 21

What % of adrenal tumors are mineralized/metastasized?

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

Increased ALP and cholesterol with decreased USG + proteinuria might indicate what disease?

Answer 22

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)

Question 23

Dogs with PU/PD and weight loss likely have what endocrinopathy?

Answer 23

Hyperglycemia (DM)

Question 24

What is the most common reason that DM dogs present to the vet?

Answer 24

Needing to pee at night or pee in the house

Question 25

Plantigrade stance is associated with which endocrinopathy?

Answer 25

Hyperglycemia (DM)

Question 26

Which endocrinopathy can cause cataracts?

Answer 26

Hyperglycemia (DM)

Question 27

How can you ddx DM and Cushings in dogs with PU/PD?

Answer 27

DM includes weight loss

Question 28

What is the main clinical sign of hyperPTH/hyperCa?

Answer 28

PU/PD

Question 29

What is the goal of hypoPTH/hypoCa therapy?

Answer 29

Maintain low normal Ca+2 levels (8-10mg/dL)

Question 30

Why do you not want to provide Ca supplementation prior to parturition?

Answer 30

Makes eclampsia worse

Question 31

What type of DM is more common in cats?

Answer 31

Type 2 (insulin resistance and beta cell burnout)

Question 32

What type of DM is more common in dogs?

Answer 32

Type 1 (failure of beta cells to produce insulin)

Question 33

What are factors that can predispose to insulin resistance?

Answer 33

Obesity, chronic DM, other endocrinopathies

Question 34

What test can you to if you're unsure if hyperglycemia is d/t DM?

Answer 34

Fructosamine

Question 35

How will e-lytes be affected in an animal with DM?

Answer 35

All out of whack

Question 36

What type of insulin do you want to use for DKA patients?

Answer 36

Short-acting

Question 37

Can DM remission occur?

Answer 37

Only in cats and only 20-40% of the time

Question 38

What value is considered "insulin resistance"?

Answer 38

Dose >2 IU/kg

Question 39

What are ddx for hyperCa?

Answer 39

HARDIONS (hyperPTH, Addison's, renal failure, hyperVit D, idiopathic hyperCa of cats, osteolysis, neoplasia, spurious)

Question 40

What test can you use to measure glucose regulation over the last 6-9wk?

Answer 40

GHb

Question 41

A fructosamine test assesses glycemic control over the last _____

Answer 41

2-3wk

Question 42

What does a glucose curve show?

Answer 42

Peak insulin activity (should bottom out @6h)

Question 43

What is the rule of thumb for initiating insulin therapy?

Answer 43

Start low, go slow