Approaches-psychodynamic Approach

Question 1

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Assumptions

Answer 1

Driving force behind behaviou is unconscious mind
Instincts or drives motivat behaviour
Early childhood experiences determine personality n adult behaviour
Psychoanalysis should be used to make unconscious conscious

Question 2

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
ID

Answer 2

Sexual instinct operating in unconscious
Oopealrates according to pleasure principal
Childlike,selfish,hedonistic,
From birth to 18months

Question 3

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Ego

Answer 3

Task of ego to satisfy demands of ID
delayed I’d drive for pleasure .reality principal
18months to 3 yrs

Question 4

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Super ego

Answer 4

Personse consciousness, ideal self,created through identification or same sex parent in phallic stage
Feels guilt holds back from behaving certain way morality principal 3 to 6 yrs

Question 5

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Defense mechanisms

Answer 5

Methods to reduce anxiety unconsciously
Conflict between I’d and super ego =anxiety
Short term defense mechanism -symbolic more accepted expressing of unconscious desire

Question 6

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Repression

Answer 6

Forgetting painful mem pushing it into unconscious so person is not aware of anxiety it causes-no recall of event

Question 7

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Denial

Answer 7

Refusal to accept reality of unpleasant situation
Belive negative situation is positive but acc not it’s resistance to accept reality

Question 8

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Displacement

Answer 8

Focus a strong emotion on a neutral person of object
-unenvolved

Question 9

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Strength of defense mechanism
Explanatory power

Answer 9

Use them to understand experiences ppl appreciate idea of mechanisms valuable contribution

Question 10

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Lacks testability /falsifyability

Answer 10

Unconscious process not studied directly can only be inffered .reported thoughts or experiences which open interpretation bias evidence cannot be gained

Question 11

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Role of unconscious and dreams

Answer 11

Believed hidden feelings slip out in dreams or jokes etc real motivation of an act desgiuesed n not apprant to person who performs.
Ego defenses r lowered n unconscious comes often through in coded form.function of dreams is fulfilment can be decoded by dream analysis

Question 12

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Psychanalysis

Answer 12

Developed to treat neurosis mild mental disorders eg phobias.neurotic symptoms r gets attempt to deal with conflict therapist builds relationship ,often sit behind when talk so no judge ,starts to reveal unconscious when resistance eg “therapy is waste of time,refusing to speak.techniques -free association-anayslt reads words to patient they say word that comes into head.idea is that response hasn’t had time to be censored by ego expressing unconscious urge a pause is sign of ego censoring.crititised as time consuming,expensive,placebo,can’t treat everything

Question 13

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Psychosexual stages

Answer 13

Characterised by focus of libido-sexual energy in certain areas
Children require satisfaction each stage -gratification if too much or too little they don’t pass stage n become fixated -determines adult personality

Question 14

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Oral

Answer 14

Passive or aggressive 0-12 months mouth pleasure of mums breast oral causes fixation smoking biting nails sarcastic critical

Question 15

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Anal

Answer 15

Expulssive or retentive
1year to 3
Focus on pleasure from withholding n expelling feaces -anal expulsion thoughtless,messy
Anal retentive-obsessive perfectionist

Question 16

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Phallic

Answer 16

Oedipus or electra complex
3-5 yrs genitals
Causes narcasism reckless maybe homosexual

Question 17

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Latent

Answer 17

No divisions 5-12 yrs no focus
Earlier conflicts repressed

Question 18

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Genital

Answer 18

No divisions 12 or more yrs genitals sexual desire becomes conscious alongside onset puberty
Difficult form heterosexual relatjonips

Question 19

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Oedopal complex

Answer 19

Sexual desire for mum
Jealous of dad fear of castration
Conflict ,Allying dad identifies with
Desire for other women

Question 20

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Electra complex

Answer 20

No Penistone blames mum for castration
Jealous mum
Can’t have Penistone identifies with mum
Can’t have Penis so desire baby substitutes desire for dad with desire for other men

Question 21

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Strength contributes to society
Psychosexual

Answer 21

Drawn attention to long term effects of traumatic events in childhood contributes to well being of ppl

Question 22

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Limitation of psychsexual
Gender biased

Answer 22

Focus on male development little mention on female argued androcentrism

Question 23

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Limitation of psychsexual
Difficult to test scientifically

Answer 23

Libido are impossible to measure eg can’t be tested future predictions that r based on theory are too vague no testable research conducted tends not to support frauds theory

Question 24

Approaches
Psychodynamic approach
Limitation of psychsexual
Based upon case studies

Answer 24

Recollections of his adult patients which he interpreted no actual observation n study of children ,biased non Empirical no way of establishing

Question 25

Approaches Psychodynamic approach of psychsexual Little hans

Answer 25

Phobia of running horses ,documented what son said in detail Freud interpreted dreams in phallic psychsex stage were prob Fascination with horses Penis cus they were larger than his.farther went away for while n enjoyed mums attention.when came back resented farther Freud said oedipal complex.hans lil sis birthed,nah Hostile towards ,Freud say extension of oedipal complex .suggest experince sexual attraction to mum farther was rival n caused castration anxiety.hans met fraud at 19 n didn't realise report was written bout him.

Question 26

Approaches Psychodynamic approach Evaluation of Psychodynamic approach Supported by evidence little hans

Answer 26

Developed phobia of horses .Freud interpreted it as evidence of oedipus complex (Use case study)

Question 27

Approaches Psychodynamic approach Evaluation of Psychodynamic approach Significant contribution and further research in this area

Answer 27

Greatly changed way ppl view themselves Freud claim that some parts of mind beyond our awareness sto rgly influences other psychs .cal jungle Erik Ericsson anna Freud eg odea that young child from birth onwards goes through stages of development influenced developmental psychs eg piaget hugely influential. Claims knowledge of psychopathology very limmited

Question 28

Approaches Psychodynamic approach Evaluation of Psychodynamic approach Successfully treatment

Answer 28

Profound and lasting on psychology n psychiatry .many still use form of psychoanalysis today PIT to treat depression n research shown effective eg begin found 80% of patients benefited from psychoanalysis compared to 65% of other types of therapies practical app

Question 29

Approaches Psychodynamic approach Evaluation of Psychodynamic approach successful treatment counterargue

Answer 29

Hynsenk provided findings from range of studies showing psychoanalysis was no more effective as placebo treatment .however appears can work if belive if friends approach more of a system of belive then science

Question 30

Approaches Psychodynamic approach Evaluation of Psychodynamic approach Not ez to empirically test

Answer 30

Emphasis on childhood means Retrospective data use results confounded by mem n person subjective interpretation .concepts such as ID ego n super ego no empirically n not full operationalisd no directly verifiable could be false

Question 31

Approaches Psychodynamic approach Evaluation of Psychodynamic approach Unscientific

Answer 31

Small sample n opportunity sample of friends techniques used such as inferences n interpretation of dreams from patient report open to bias n subjectivity

Question 32

Approaches Psychodynamic approach Evaluation of Psychodynamic approach Link to issues n debates

Answer 32

Deterministic Rooted in childhood conflict unconious so out of individual control Person is passive ppt of own life. Abnormality is predeterministic Unlikely to make any changes if belive themselves as out of control of it.not like humanistic that belives in freewill to make choices