arrt review: GI Studies Flashcards by Sydney Luella

Alimentary canal order

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Larger intestine
Anus

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in an esophagram, the esophagus should be __________

between the spine and the heart

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what is achlasia?

rare disease of the muscle of the lower esophageal body that prevents relaxation of the sphincter

“torturous esophagus”

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Esophagram RAO centering

1 inch inferior to sternal angle (T5-6)
2 inches medial to MSP

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Esophagram oblique position and degree

35-40 RAO

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What is Barrett’s esophagus?

complication of GERD, normal tissue of esophagus changes to look like intestinal

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what is a diverticulum

abnormal sac or pouch formed at a weak point in the wall of an anatomy

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what is the valsalva maneuver

deep breath, holds in breath while bearing down if trying to move bowels

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what is the mueller maneuver?

patient exhales then tries to inhale against closed glottis

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how long is food in the esophagus?

1-8 seconds

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medical term for chewing

mastication

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medical term for swallowing

deglutition

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esophagus originates at ____, passes through the diaphragm as ____, and joins stomach at ____

originates = C6
through diaphragm = T10
at stomach = T11

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expanded terminal end of esophagus

cardiac antrum

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order of pharynx

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngo-pharynx

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atomic number of barium

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thick barium ratio

3:1 or 4:1

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thin barium ratio

1:1

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hypersthenic anatomy locations
-gallbladder
-stomach
-large intestine

gallbladder = T10-11
stomach = T9-12
large intestine = periphery, transverse/left colic flexure is high

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sthenic anatomy locations
-gallbladder
-stomach
-large intestine

gallbladder = T12-L1
stomach = L1-2
large intestine = transverse lower to mid abdomen, left colic flexure is high

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hypo/asthenic anatomy locations
-gallbladder
-stomach
-large intestine

gallbladder = L3-4
stomach = T11-L5
large intestine = transverse/left colic flexure is low

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fundus sits (anterior/posterior)

posterior

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UGI RAO degree oblique for
sthenic, asthenic, hypersthenic

sthenic = 45-55
asthenic = 40
hypersthenic = 70

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UGI LPO degree oblique for
sthenic, asthenic, hypersthenic

sthenic = 45
asthenic = 30
hypersthenic = 60

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UGI RAO degree oblique general range

40-70

UGI LPO degree oblique general range

30-60

UGI RAO, LPO, AP Supine, PA prone centering for sthenic, asthenic, hypersthenic

sthenic = L1 asthenic = 2" below L1 hypersthenic = 2" above L1

what does the LPO UGI position demonstrate?

duodenal bulb

air/barium for RAO UGI

air = fundus barium = body/pylorus

air/barium for LPO UGI

air = body/pylorus barium = fundus

air/barium for right lateral UGI

air = fundus (per pictures)

what does the right lateral UGI demonstrate?

retrogastric space

average adult length of small intestine

22 feet

quadrants that duodenum is in

RUQ, some in the LUQ

average adult length of duodenum

8-10 inches long

flexure is supported by the suspensory muscle of the duodenum. what is this?

ligament of Treitz

quadrants that jejunum is in

LUQ, LLQ

radiographic appearance of jejunum

feathery appearance

what is the longest portion of the small intestine?

ileum

location of ileum

RUQ, RLQ, LLQ

does the ileum have more or less mucosal folds than the jejunum?

fewer folds, thinner wall

time calculations for SBFT start when ________________________

patient started drinking for UGI

How is the patient positioned for SBFT images?

*prone KUB

what does TI stand for?

terminal ileum

what disease is primarily located in the distal part of the ileum?

Crohn's disease

what is the terminal ileum (TI)?

distal end of the small intestine that intersects with the large intestine

widest site of large intestine; likely site of what?

cecum; perforation

narrowest site of large intestine; likely site for what?

rectosigmoid colon, obstruction

How high can the contrast be on the IV pole?

24 inches (max.)

what is ulcerative colitis? what does it look like radiographically?

cobblestone and possible stovepipe appearance

what is diverticulitis? what does it look like radiographically?

inflamed pouch of bowel wall,

what is diverticulitis vs. diverticulosis?

diverticulosis = formation of abnormal pouches in bowel wall diverticulitis = inflamed pouch

insert the enema tip no more than _____ for a colon examination

4 inches

Which method best demonstrates the mucosal lining of the colon?

CR angle and centering for PA/AP supine for BE

level of iliac crests

compared to the ascending/descending colon, the transverse colon is (anterior/posterior)

where is barium in PA BE image? an AP?

PA = barium in transverse AP = barium in ascending/descending

patient positioning, CR angle and centering for LPO/RPO supine for BE

35-45 degrees LPO/RPO, perpendicular, at iliac crest and 1 inch to elevated side

what does an LPO demonstrate in a BE?

right colic flexure

what does an RPO demonstrate in a BE?

left colic flexure

patient positioning, CR angle and centering for LAO for BE

35-45 degrees LAO, perpendicular, at iliac crests and 1 inch to the right of MSP

patient positioning, CR angle and centering for RAO for BE

35-45 degrees RAO, perpendicular, at iliac crests and 1 inch to the left of MSP

what does an RAO demonstrate in a BE?

right colic flexure "right always open"

what does an LAO demonstrate in a BE?

left colic flexure "left always open"

CR angle and centering for AP Axial for BE

30-40 degrees cephalic CR, at 2 inches inferior to ASIS

CR angle and centering for PA Axial for BE

30-40 degrees caudal, exit at ASIS

CR angle and centering for lateral recumbent rectum for BE

horizontal, at ASIS

what does the lateral rectum for a BE demonstrate?

rectosigmoid region

what does the AP axial for a BE demonstrate?

sigmoid colon

on double contrast BEs, the side of interest is the side with (contrast/air)

air

In a single contrast study which positions are used? Oblique or decubitus?

obliques

Which lateral is used for a double contrast study?

ventral decubitus (x table) lateral rectum)

BE barium location AP supine

ascending/descending

BE barium location PA Prone

transverse, sigmoid

BE barium location left lateral decubitus

medial ascending, lateral descending

BE barium location right lateral decubitus

lateral ascending, medial descending

arrt review: GI Studies Flashcards

(76 cards)