Arthropods And Echinoderms Flashcards

(128 cards)

0
Q

What new structure developed because of the stiffened exoskeleton?

A

Joints

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1
Q

What two things stiffen the cuticle?

A

Protein and chitin

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2
Q

What new process arose because of te stiffened exoskeleton?

A

Molting

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3
Q

What do joints do

A

Permit flexibility

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4
Q

What does molting do

A

Allow for continual growth

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5
Q

What kind of coelom do crustaceans have?

A

A hemocoel

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6
Q

What replaced the hydrostatic skeleton?

A

Open sinuses

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7
Q

Are motile cilia present in arthropods?

A

No, everything is muscle drive

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8
Q

What is arthrpodization

A

Modification of annelid body plan to current body plan.

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9
Q

What kind of coelom do arthropods have?

A

Eucoelomate

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10
Q

What kind of symmetry do arthropods have?

A

Bilateral

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11
Q

Where are arthropods found.

A

Everywhere.

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12
Q

What is the mode of nutrition for arthropods?

A

All modes present, but especially detrivores.

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13
Q

What kind of body cavity development do arthropods have?

A

Protostome

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14
Q

Arthropod modes of nutrition

A

All

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15
Q

Most conspicuous characteristic of arthropod

A

Exoskeleton

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16
Q

Tagmata

A

Fused Somites that form specialized groups

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17
Q

Benefits of arthropods to humans

A

Food, pollination, medicines, textiles

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18
Q

Harmful arthropod effects

A

Disease transmission, parasites, competitors

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19
Q

What makes up the exoskeleton/cuticle of arthropods

A

Chitin and protein

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20
Q

Two layers of arthropod cuticle

A

Epicuticle and procuticle

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21
Q

Epi cuticle

A

Outer thin layer

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22
Q

Procuticle

A

Inner thicker layer

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23
Q

What layers make up procuticle

A

Exo cuticle (secreted before molt), endocuticle (secreted after molt)

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24
Ecdysis
Process of molting
25
Tracheal system
Tube system that delivers oxygen to cells of terrestrial arthropods
26
How does tracheal system limit body size
Once a creature surpasses a certain size the amount of tubes needed is too many.
27
What do aquatic arthropods use to respirate?
Gills
28
What do compound eyes allow for?
Multiple images to be seen
29
4 arthropod subphylum
Trilobita, chelicerata, Crustacea, uniramia
30
Chelicerata characteristics
6 pairs of appendages (fangs, foot hands, and 4 legs); no mandibles or antennae; suck liquid food from prey
31
Chelicerata nutritional mode
Carnivore or parasite
32
Chelicerata Tagmata
Cephalothorax
33
Cephalothorax
Fused head and abdomen
34
Chelicerae
Fangs.
35
Pedipalps
Little feet hands
36
Spider feeding process
Capture in web, bite, inject, drink.
37
Order araneae
Spiders
38
Book lungs
Used by spiders, lungs with extra surface area
39
Rectal gland
Re absorbs water from waste before excretion.
40
How many spider eyes
Usually 8 simple
41
Best and worst spider sense
Best is touch/vibration worst is sight
42
Spinnerets
Creates the web for spiders
43
Scleroprotein
Hardens web as it leaves the spinneret in spiders.
44
Silk thread functions for spiders
Egg sacs, reproduction, feeding
45
Spider mating
Male wraps sperm into web and tries to put it in genital openings of the female which are on her stomach.
46
Spider benefits
Control pest population
47
Spider drawbacks
Venomous
48
Neurotoxin
Found in black widow. Attacks nervous system.
49
Hemotoxin
Found in brown recluse. Attacks blood.
50
Order scorpionida
Scorpions
51
Scorpion habitat
Deserts or dry tropical
52
Scorpion nutritional mode
Carnivore eat insects and spiders
53
Scorpion feeding explained
Locate prey by detecting surface waves in sand, grab with cheliped and sting with stingers, use chelicerae to tear apart.
54
Scorpion body
Appendages attach to cephalothorax. 7 segments on preabdomen. Five segmented postabdomen tail.
55
Scorpion reproduction
Male does mating dance making female brush against spermatophore
56
Ovoviviparous
Eggs hatch in mother and eggs leave her body
57
Vivaporous
No eggs, young grow in mother
58
Oviparous
Young grow in eggs
59
Order opiliones
Harvestmen or daddy long legs
60
Order Acari
Ticks and mites
61
Acari habitat
Aquatic and terrestrial
62
Main characteristic of Crustacea
2 pairs of antennae
63
How many appendages per Somites of Crustacea
1
64
Biramous
Appendages have two main branches.
65
Crustacean Tagmata
Head thorax abdomen
66
Carapace
Specialized cuticle covering of the body. Found in crustaceans.
67
What three substances are in crustacean cuticle
Chitin protein calcareous material
68
Serial Homology
Once similar structures that have evolved to serve different task.
69
First antennae
Touch taste equilibrium
70
Second antennae
Touch taste
71
Mandible
Crushing food
72
First maxilla
Food handling
73
Cheliped
Offense or defense.
74
Walking legs
Walk
75
Second maxillae
Drawing water currents into gills
76
Maxillipeds
Touch taste food handling
77
First swimmeret (male)
Transfer soerm
78
First swimmeret (female)
Creates water current to aerate eggs and carry eggs or young
79
Uropod and telson
Swimming and egg protection
80
Hemocoel
Space in crustacean filled with blood
81
Crustacean muscular system
Striated muscles everywhere.
82
Flexors
Draw limbs closer to body
83
Extenders
Straighten limbs out
84
Abdominal flexors
Allow crayfish to swim backward
85
Where are mandible muscles located
On sides of the stomach in crustaceans
86
Crustacean respiratory system
Small ones exchange across leg cuticle, large ones have feathery leg gills
87
Crustacean circulatory system
Open system.
88
Ameboid cells
Help function in clotting of crustacean blood.
89
Hemolymph
Blood
90
Antennal glands
Base of antennae of crustaceans. Help excrete waste
91
Maxillary glands
By base of second maxilla. Helps excrete waste.
92
Crustacean nervous system
Supraesophageal ganglia act as brain. Connect to eyes and antennae. Subesophageal ganglia join below brain and supply nerves to the mouth, appendages, esophagus, and antennae glands.
93
Crustacean reproduction
Most are dioecious but some are mono
94
What triggers ecdysis
Temp change, daylight change
95
Cardiac stomach in crustaceans
Upper part, has three teeth called gastric mill, grinds up food.
96
Pyloric stomach in crustaceans.
Second part, filters out food particles.
97
Subphylum uniramia
Insects, centipede, millipedes
98
Class Chilopoda
Centipedes. Each have one pair legs per body segment. 2 legs on last segment.
99
Class Diplopoda
Millipedes, 2 pairs legs per segment
100
Mode nutrition for centipedes
Carnivore
101
Nutritional mode millipedes
Saprotrophic or herbivore
102
Class insecta
Insects. DUH.
103
Top 4 insect characteristics
Flight Small size Well protected and dispersed eggs Aggressive nature
104
Insect mode of nutrition
Everything except filter feeders
105
Three parts of insect thorax
Prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax
106
Hindwings
Thin membrane like wings located on metathorax. Good for taking off and flight.
107
Fore wings
Located on mesothorax. Thick and hard plates, protective.
108
Foregut
``` Breaks down food. Mouth Salivary gland Pharynx Esophagus Crop Gizzard ```
109
Midgut
Digest and absorbs nutrients. Stomach Proventriculus Gastric ceca (works like a liver)
110
Hindgut
Absorbs water and excretes. Intestine Rectum Anus
111
Insect circulatory system
Has a heart that pushes blood through dorsal aorta. (Only blood vessel) Heartbeat uses peristalsis.
112
Spiracles
Opening on insect abdomen that connects to trachea.
113
Insect respiration
Spiracles let oxygen into trachea which branch into tracheoles. Reaches cells directly.
114
Insect excretory system
Malpighian tubules that work like kidneys and rental gland.
115
Insect nervous system
Have fused ganglia and neurosecratory cells.
116
Insect sense organs
Sensillum, tympanum, chemoreceptors, simple and compound eyes.
117
Tympanum
Detect sound from air. Located on metathorax.
118
Sensillum
Hair like setae. Located on antennae, legs, and body. Detest touch pressure and vibrations.
119
What do chemoreceptors help with?
``` Feeding Mating Defense Habitat selection Host detection Chemical repellant ```
120
Indirect development
Young do not resemble adults
121
Two types of indirect development
Holometabolous metamorphosis | Hemimetabolous metamorphosis
122
Holometabolous metamorphosis
Eggs Larva Pupa Adult
123
Hemimetabolous metamorphosis
Egg Nymph Adult
124
Direct development
Young resemble the adult. | Egg- juvenile - adult
125
Diapause
Period of dormancy in life cycle. Preprogrammed. Happens no matter the conditions.
126
Hibernation
Winter diapause
127
Estivation
Summer dormancy