Assessing Heart & Neck Vessels

Question 1

Why is the LV the “workhorse” for CO?

Answer 1

it’s pumping blood to the rest of the body

Question 2

True or False: the LV muscle is the thickest

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What happens if the right side of the heart fails?

Answer 3

Blood does not oxygenate in the lungs and creates backflow leading to JVD

Question 4

What happens if the left side of the heart fails?

Answer 4

pulmonary edema

Question 5

What is Preload?

Answer 5

amounts of myocardial stretch before contraction (end of diastolic pressure)

Question 6

What is Afterload?

Answer 6

the mount of resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood during systole/contraction

Question 7

What is the assessment of Preload?

Answer 7

• Increased preload= fluid volume overload (edema)
• Decrease preload = fluid volume deficit (dehydration)

Question 8

What is the assessment of Afterload?

Answer 8

• Increased afterload= vasoconstriction and increased BP
• Decreased afterload: vasodilation and decreased BP

Question 9

What medications do you give to someone experiencing decreased afterload?

Answer 9

ACE inhibitors and BETA blockers

Question 10

What provides oxygen for the heart?

Answer 10

coronary arteries

Question 11

What is ischemia?

Answer 11

lack of oxygen, lack of blood flow

Question 12

What is infarct?

Answer 12

blockage in one of the coronary arteries and cause cell death

Question 13

What is the assessment related to Ischemia?

Answer 13

pain

Question 14

What is the assessment of Infarct?

Answer 14

loss of function

Question 15

What is the rate of SA Node?

Answer 15

60-100

Question 16

What is the rate of AV Node Intrinsic?

Answer 16

40-60

Question 17

What is the rate of Ventricular Intrinsic?

Answer 17

20-40

Question 18

Why do pass out when the electrical conduction of the heart fails?

Answer 18

not enough O2 to the brain and the brain “shuts off” the body

Question 19

What happens if the eleectrical conduction of the heart does not originate from the SA NOde?

Answer 19

AV node beomees the pacemaker; rate rate; concerns of decreased perfusion - dizziness, LOC

Question 20

What happens if the electrical conduction to the atria is erratic and irregular?

Answer 20

Atrial: flutters (A-Fib)

Question 21

Can someone walk around with A-Fib? What about Ventricular fibrillation?

Answer 21

Yes, someone can walk around with A-Fib, but not for ventricular Fib

Question 22

The heart fills during systole or diastole?

Answer 22

diastole

Question 23

What are the extra sounds of heart sounds called?

Answer 23

S3 and S4

Question 24

P-wave is what?

Answer 24

Atrial Depolarization/Contraction

Question 25

What is QRS?

Answer 25

Ventricular Depolarization/Contraction & Atrial

Question 26

What is T-Wave?

Answer 26

Ventricular Repolarization/Resting

Question 27

What happens if the coronary arteries cannot perfuse the myocardium with blood and ultimately, oxygen?

Answer 27

Ischemia --> Infarct

Question 28

Once tissue ischemia occurs, what happens to the electrical conduction of the heart?

Answer 28

conduction stops

Question 29

What is Stenosis?

Answer 29

doesn't open properly

Question 30

What is Regurgitation?

Answer 30

doesn't close properly

Question 31

Regurgitation causes ________. What happens to the blood?

Answer 31

backflow

Question 32

What is non-palpable?

Answer 32

jugular vein

Question 33

What does it mean when the JV is visible at >45 degrees?

Answer 33

right side heart failure - fluid volume overload

Question 34

What are bruits in the arteries?

Answer 34

blood flow, the "whooshing" - the turbulence of blood

Question 35

What is the turbulence heard in the heart called?

Answer 35

murmurs

Question 36

What can cause a visible pulsation of the apical pulse?

Answer 36

hypertrophy

Question 37

S1 correlates with each _____ pulsation

Answer 37

carotid

Question 38

What valves are closing for S1?

Answer 38

Tricuspid and Mitral valves

Question 39

What valves are closing for S2?

Answer 39

Semilunar valves

Question 40

What is the order of auscultating the valves?

Answer 40

Aortic Pulmonic Tricuspid Mitral (A Poor Tired Monkey OR All Physicians Take Monday)

Question 41

What is a thrill?

Answer 41

palpated turbulence

Question 42

What is lift or heave?

Answer 42

inspected hypertrophy, increased pressure/volume

Question 43

What are Clicks?

Answer 43

Systloic /ejection sounds

Question 44

What are Snaps?

Answer 44

diastolic /opening sounds

Question 45

What are Gallops?

Answer 45

S3 and S4 are diastolic extra sounds

Question 46

What are Rubs?

Answer 46

rubbing sounds, inflammation

Question 47

Is diastole before or after S2

Answer 47

after