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Health Assessment > Abdominal System - Class Notes > Flashcards

Abdominal System - Class Notes Flashcards

1
Q

If there’s an obstruction to the aorta, what organs will affected directly

A

Spleen, Kidneys, Liver

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2
Q

Where are the right and left iliac arteries?

A

lower branches of the aorta

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3
Q

What is Viscera?

A

refers to the soft and internal organs

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4
Q

What is Peritoneum?

A

Layer of tissues that line the abdominal cavity and organs

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5
Q

What is Striae?

A

Stretch marks

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6
Q

What is Ascites?

A

abnormal fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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7
Q

What are Keloids?

A

A type of raised scar resulting from excessive scar tissue growth

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8
Q

What is Hepatomegaly?

A

enlarged liver

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9
Q

What is Splenomegaly?

A

enlarged spleen

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10
Q

Sound for percussion over the abdomen?

A

tympanic

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11
Q

Sound for percussion over an organ?

A

dull

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12
Q

What is CVA tenderness?

A

Costal-vertebral angel tenderness

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13
Q

What is AAA?

A

Abdominal Aortic aneurysm

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14
Q

What is Peristalsis?

A

Involuntary contractions and relaxation of muscles in the GU

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15
Q

What is Hernia

A

bulging of an internal organ through a weak area (usually in the abdomen)

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16
Q

What is Anastomosis

A

a surgical connection

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17
Q

What is Fistula?

A

Abnormal opening/passage between two organs or systems

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18
Q

What is Ulcer?

A

open sore

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19
Q

What is Barretts Esophagus?

A

Conditions where tissue is similar to the lining of the intestine replaces the usual esophageal - associated with cirrhosis

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20
Q

What is Polyps

A

abnormal growth of o cells protrudes from the surface

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21
Q

What is Diverticula?

A

inflammation; pockets can rupture; small bulging pouches or sacs that form on the lining of the colon

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22
Q

Candida

A

fungal infection

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23
Q

BRBPR

A

bright red blood per rectum

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24
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of fresh blood per anus (in
the stool usually)

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25
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins around anus/rectum
26
Melena
black tarry stool
27
Odynophagia
Painful swallowing
28
EGD
Procedure of the upper GI tract. Also called an “upper endoscopy.”
29
Proctitis
Inflammation of the rectal lining
30
Flatulence
passage of intestinal gas
31
Tenesmus
A persistent, painful urge to defecate without excreting stool
32
Borborygmus
Gurgling, rumbling sound from abdomen
33
Colostomy
Surgical opening of the colon to the abdomen
34
Indigestion
Also called dyspepsia or an upset stomach. Sensation of abdominal discomfort
35
Anal fissure
Small tear in the thin, moist skin that lines the opening of the anus
36
What is solid viscera? give examples
do not change shape (ex. liver, spleen, pancreas, uterus, ovaries, adrenal glands)
37
What is hollow viscera? give examples
changes shape (ex. stomach, gallbladder, intestines, bladder, sigmoid colon)
38
What causes pain in the abdomen?
inflammation, infection, distention, stretching, pressure, obstruction, or trauma
39
How might your patient describe visceral pain?
dull, aching, burning, cramping, colicky, poorly defined, or localized - intermittent pain - secondary to distention of hollow organs or stretching of capsules of hollow organs
40
How might your patient describe parietal pain?
localized more to the source, severe, steady - inflammation of the parietal peritoneum, such as in appendicitis and peritonitis
41
How might your patient describe Referred pain?
distant site - gallbladder: pain can be in the shoulder, mid back, or right side
42
Why would Cough be significant in HPI of the abdomen?
GERD, aspiration, swallowing defects
43
Physical Exam Order for the Abdominal Assessment
Inspect, Auscultate, Percuss, Palpate
44
When you auscultate do you listen clockwise or counterclockwise and which quadrant do your start?
start at RLQ and go clockwise
45
Which part of the stethoscope do you listen to for bowel sounds?
diaphragm
46
Which part of the stethoscope do you listen to for vascular sounds?
bell
47
What is Cullens's sign?
bluish or purple discoloration around the umbilicus
48
What is Turner's sign?
indicates bleeding without the abdominal wall, possibly from trauma
49
Hyperactive bowel sounds
gurgling, high pitched, rapid peristalsis as in gastroenteritis and diarrhea - could be the beginning of a bowel obstruction
50
Hypoactive bowel sounds
very quiet, almost nonexistent; very faint
51
Decreased or absent bowel sounds
absence of bowel motility; may indicate an emergency
52
How long for a true absent bowel sound?
no sound for 5 minutes
53
Bruit
turbulence; low pitched murmur-like sound; not usually heard over abdominal aorta, or renal, iliac or femoral arteries - may indicate occlusive artery disease, renal artery stenosis
54
Venous hum
continuous roaring or whining sound heard over the epigastric area - can be secondary to liver disease with portal vein hypertension
55
Friction rub
may be heard over right and left lower rib cage, liver, and spleen area - may indicate cancer
56
When is percussion contraindicated?
suspected aortic aneurysm, appendicitis, abdominal organ transplants
57
What is the most common sound heard in most of the abdominal area?
tympany
58
Indirect percussion
Middle finger of nondominant hand with use of middle finger of dominant hand to strike with two quick taps
59
Blunt percussion
- One hand flat on surface, struck by fist of other hand - Looking for CVA tenderness
60
Direct percussion
- Directly tapping body part with one or two fingers - Checking for tenderness
61
Abnormal finding: palpation of the abdomen - what can this indicate?
tenderness, guarding, rigid abdomen - peritoneal irritaiton, cholecystitis, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, urinary retention, masses
62
Test for Cholecystitis?
Murphy's sign
63
Blumberg sign
rebound tenderness
64
Rovsing's sign
test for referred rebound tenderness - pain in the RLQ during pressure in the LLQ
65
McBurney's Point
2/3 distance from the navel - acute appendicitis
66
Name considerations for older adults (6)
- Sensitivity to pain may diminish - Decline in appetite - Increased risk of UTI/diarrhea - Dilated superficial capillaries - Changes to width of aorta secondary to HTN - Need for screening of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Health Assessment (15 decks)

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