Asthma

Question 1

What is asthma?

Answer 1

A reversible airway disease caused by hypersensitivity to triggers, leading to bronchoconstriction, swelling, and mucus production.

Question 2

What are common asthma triggers?

Answer 2

Allergens (pollen, dust, pet dander), cold air, exercise, stress, smoke, and strong odors.

Question 3

What happens in the pathophysiology of asthma?

Answer 3

Exposure to a trigger causes airways to narrow and become inflamed, making breathing difficult; this is usually reversible with medication.

Question 4

What are signs and symptoms of asthma?

Answer 4

Wheezing (especially on exhalation), shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing (often worse at night or early morning), use of accessory muscles, and difficulty speaking full sentences.

Question 5

What are important EMT considerations when treating asthma?

Answer 5

Administer oxygen as needed, assist with prescribed metered-dose inhalers (MDI) or nebulizers, watch for status asthmaticus (severe attack unresponsive to treatment), and prepare for assisted ventilations if patient worsens.

Question 6

What is the dosage for albuterol via MDI (metered-dose inhaler)?

Answer 6

Usually 90 mcg per puff; assist with 1–2 puffs as prescribed.