COPD

Question 1

What is COPD?

Answer 1

A group of progressive lung diseases (chronic bronchitis and emphysema) that cause obstructed airflow and breathing problems.

Question 2

What are common causes of COPD?

Answer 2

Long-term smoking (most common), air pollution, occupational dust/fumes exposure, and rare genetic factors like alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Question 3

What is the pathophysiology of COPD?

Answer 3

Chronic inflammation damages the airways and alveoli, leading to air trapping, decreased gas exchange, and increased CO2 retention. Patients may rely on hypoxic drive to breathe.

Question 4

What are common signs and symptoms of COPD?

Answer 4

Shortness of breath (especially on exertion), wheezing, chronic productive cough, tripod position, pursed-lip breathing, barrel chest, and cyanosis in severe cases.

Question 5

What are key EMT considerations when treating COPD?

Answer 5

Use low-flow oxygen starting at 2 L/min via nasal cannula, do not withhold oxygen if hypoxic, assist with prescribed inhalers or nebulizers, monitor breathing rate and SpO2, and prepare for possible respiratory failure.

Question 6

What is the oxygen dosage for COPD patients?

Answer 6

Start with low-flow oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula; titrate to keep SpO2 between 88–92% unless otherwise indicated.