Auditory & Vestibular

Question 1

what is hearing

Answer 1

neural perception of sound energy

Question 2

what is sound

Answer 2

audible disturbance of molecules in a medium (air/water)

Question 3

what kind of wave - sound

Answer 3

longitudinal

Question 4

what is frequency and amplitude

Answer 4

frequency - pitch (low = low)

amplitude - volume (high/low pressure)

Question 5

what is unit sound

Answer 5

decibel (dB)

Question 6

what is audible range

Answer 6

~20Hz to 20kHz

Question 7

what si the external ear for

Answer 7

air

collection

Question 8

what si the middle ear for

Answer 8

bone

conc

Question 9

what is the inner ear for

Answer 9

fluid

detection

Question 10

what does the middle ear transmit

Answer 10

vibrations via ossicles to inner ear - mechanical concentrator and transmitter

Question 11

what does inner ear transmit

Answer 11

cochlea traduces vibrations to electrical impulse

Question 12

what are the layers of tymp mem

Answer 12

skin
CT
resp epi

Question 13

name parts of ear

Answer 13

external ear 
EAM 
tymp mem 
middle ear 
middle ear ossicles
inner ear 
IAM 
cochlea 
nasopharyngeal tube

Question 14

what are the ossicles

Answer 14

tiny bones
malleus
incus
stapes

Question 15

what are the ossicle joints

Answer 15

synovial joints

Question 16

what si the conc of sound energy

Answer 16

big mem of tymp mem goes to small space meaning intensity and conc increase
not amplify

Question 17

what fluid fills outer channels

Answer 17

perilymph

Question 18

what fluid fills inner channels

Answer 18

endolymph

Question 19

what is perilymph

Answer 19

essentially extracellular fluid - Na ions

Question 20

what does fluid in ear system allow

Answer 20

conducting nerve AP’s

Question 21

what is the helocotremA

Answer 21

where two outer tubules meet at ape of cochlea

Question 22

what are the three tubes of cochlea

Answer 22

scala vestiboli
scala tympani
scala media (middle)

Question 23

what si the purpose of round window

Answer 23

transmit pressure in closed tube and dissipates it

deformable

Question 24

what is the central part of cochlea

Answer 24

modulus bone

Question 25

what are the hair cells in the ear

Answer 25

single row inner hairs used for hearing | outer hairs few used for sound location

Question 26

what is the collection of hair cells called

Answer 26

organ of corti

Question 27

what is stria vascular

Answer 27

sp epi on lateral wall of media producing endolymph

Question 28

what is tonotopicity

Answer 28

cochlear organised in terms of high and low tones | high tones incase cochlea whilst low tones at helicotrema

Question 29

what is the route for CN 8

Answer 29

``` sup olivary nun trapezoid body lateral lemniscus medial lemniscus inf colliculus medial geniculate body auditory radiation ```

Question 30

why does nerve go to sup olivary nun

Answer 30

for localisation and space diff intensities

Question 31

what is trapezoid body

Answer 31

crossing point of axons from one side to other

Question 32

what happens in lateral lemnisus

Answer 32

synapse

Question 33

how does tonotopicity affect structure

Answer 33

forrad and lateral - lower tones received | post and medial - high frequency

Question 34

what ar the 3 components of the labyrinth

Answer 34

utricle saccule semicircular ducts

Question 35

what do the components of the labrtinht have

Answer 35

receptors for movement and her cells fro trasnudcing sound

Question 36

where are the receps for angular rectption

Answer 36

semicircular canals

Question 37

what si the cupola

Answer 37

gelatinous goo on top hair cells

Question 38

what is cupola for

Answer 38

if turn head water push cupola set off AP's giving detcetio of head movement

Question 39

what are the semicircular canals to each other

Answer 39

90 degrees

Question 40

how are the semicircular canals arranged

Answer 40

ant, post, lat | canted in sp way not anatomical planes

Question 41

how do semicircular ducts work

Answer 41

in pairs

Question 42

what is ant paired with

Answer 42

post

Question 43

when turning head what fires

Answer 43

turn left left increases fire right decrease fire

Question 44

what is macula

Answer 44

sensory plaque in saccule and utricle

Question 45

what does macula detect

Answer 45

linear acceleration and head position

Question 46

what are otoliths

Answer 46

grains calcium carb on top gelatinous goo heavier than water so can tell stationary dtection

Question 47

what is path of vestibular fibres

Answer 47

``` ganglion nuclei medial longitudinal fascicles - extra ocular muscle activated flocularnodular node -cerebellum thalamus cortex ```

Question 48

what is doll's eye manoeuvre

Answer 48

vestibule-ocular reflex | off ride effect on eyes fast flick to side and slow back

Question 49

what si projection of vestibular info to cortex

Answer 49

bilateral