Cerebellum

Question 1

what does the cortex do

Answer 1

say what is to be done

Question 2

what does the basal ganglia and cerebellum do

Answer 2

how something is o be done

quality and organisation of movement

Question 3

what kind of matter is basal ganglia

Answer 3

grey matter

Question 4

what does the basal ganglia sp do

Answer 4

receive and prices info form cerebral cortex
feedback info to cortex via thalamus
no direct sp connection only via cortex

Question 5

what are the components of the basal ganglia

Answer 5

putamen 
globus pallidus 
caudate nucleus 
internal capsule - outside
amygdala

Question 6

what are the connections of the basal ganglia

Answer 6

to motor cortex via thalamus

Question 7

what role does basal ganglia play

Answer 7

acts like accelerator for cortex

Question 8

what is the basic feedback circuit for basal ganglia

Answer 8

putamen receives input form motor cortex
globus pallidus - braking effect on thalamus output structure of basal ganglia
thalamus tim drive on patterns of motor cortex

Question 9

what does the globus pallidus do automatically

Answer 9

supply brake to the thalamus

Question 10

what does caudate do

Answer 10

input from frontal c. cortex

planning organisation thought processes not motor

Question 11

what does sub thalamic nucleus do

Answer 11

promote brake on thalamus and c cortex

Question 12

what would happen if there is damage to the sub thalamic nucleus

Answer 12

uncontrolled flailing of limbs
hemiballismus
no braking

Question 13

what does disorders of the basal ganglia produce

Answer 13

changes in muscle tone and involuntary movements

Question 14

what is dyskinesia

Answer 14

tremors

if dage to basal ganglia

Question 15

what is athetosis

Answer 15

writhing movement

Question 16

what is chorea

Answer 16

jerky, rapid movements, twitches, grimaces

Question 17

what is ballismus

Answer 17

flailing limb movements proximal joints

Question 18

what are the features of parkinson

Answer 18

resting tremor 
rigidity
paucity of movement 
depression 
impaired cognitive function

Question 19

what happens to the substantial nigra in parkinson

Answer 19

substantia nigra in midbrain loss of neurones that relate dopamine (dopaminergic) to putamen

Question 20

what re ways of treatment of parkinson

Answer 20

L-dopa
dopamine agonists
transplant
ablation/stimulation

Question 21

what is the L-dopa treatment

Answer 21

unlike dopamine crosses the BB barrier

effects reduces with time and produces its own dyskinesia effects

Question 22

what is the dopamine agonist

Answer 22

bromocriptine

COMT inhibitors- prevents metab of L-dopa

Question 23

what is transplant for parkinson treatment

Answer 23

foetal dopamine prod cells sourcing tissue difficult

Question 24

what is the ablation/stimulation treatment do for

Answer 24

of thamlic nuclei can alleviate rigidity restore fucntoinin

Question 25

what si the (subconscious) motor control centre

Answer 25

feedback loop to cortex via thalamus | cerebellum listens silently and talks back

Question 26

what are functions of cerebellum

Answer 26

skilled rep moves (plan coord) --> cortex locomotion/posture (monitor move coord) --> Ctx/BS/spinal cord balance (monitor coord) --> vest spinal cord

Question 27

what is predominate cerebellum matter

Answer 27

white with grey nuclei

Question 28

what si the structural features of the cerebellum

Answer 28

lobes --> ant, post, flocculonodular fissure --> primary, horizontal vermis

Question 29

what does cerebellum listen to cortex for

Answer 29

command for movement, intense activity in cerebellum

Question 30

what are cortico-ponto-cerbellar tracts

Answer 30

enter cerebellum at middle cerebral penducle

Question 31

what does cerebellum listen o spinal cord for

Answer 31

dorsal spinocerbelar tracts - unconscious position sense enter via int penducel ipsilateral damage

Question 32

what does the cerebellum get from brainstem

Answer 32

balance info non crossed form vestibular nuclei from cochlea inf olivary nucleus carry new motor programmees

Question 33

where des cerebellar output form

Answer 33

via dep nuclei in cereblluma nd vestibule nuclei

Question 34

what re some of the grey matter nuclei in cerebellum

Answer 34

fastigial - medial - posture dentate- fine motor control

Question 35

how does cerebellum answer the motor cortex

Answer 35

activation of corticospinal tract | control same side ipsilateral as non crossed organ

Question 36

what are the function of the cerebellum

Answer 36

quality of movement plans, coord, fine skilled learned motor integrates balance

Question 37

what happens if cerebellar malfucnitno

Answer 37

``` signs disease ipsilateral disturbed balance modified muscle tone -hypotonia ataxia poor coord vermal lesion ```