Speech

Question 1

what is phonation

Answer 1

generation of sound by vocal folds setting the air particles into vibration

Question 2

how is the sound modified to produce specific complex speech

Answer 2

resonance

articulation

Question 3

what happens when vocal folds vibrate

Answer 3

voiced sounds

Question 4

what happens when unvoiced (breathed) sounds

Answer 4

vocal folds don’t vibrate

articulated only - ss, p, ff

Question 5

what structures involved in phonation

Answer 5

resp system

larynx - vocal fold

Question 6

what are the structures involved in resonance

Answer 6

pharynx

orala nd nasal cavs

Question 7

what structures involved in articulation

Answer 7

lips
tongue
teeth
palate

Question 8

what are the main features of larynx

Answer 8

hyoid bone 
thyrohyoid mem
thyroid cart
arytenoid cart
vestibular ligament
vocal ligament 
cricothyroid mem
cricoid cart

Question 9

what are the internal struures at thyroid cart assc with speech

Answer 9

thyroid cart
vocal ligament
arytenoid cart
vocals muscle
lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
transverse arytenoid muscle 
sup pharyngeal cons
post cricoarytenoid muscel

Question 10

what produces sound

Answer 10

phonation - vibration over vocal folds

Question 11

what must be brought together for phonation

Answer 11

vocal folds

Question 12

what is phonation initiated by

Answer 12

active closing of vocal folds

Question 13

what causes the passive vibration of folds

Answer 13

expired air

Question 14

what is the myoelastic aerodynamic theory

Answer 14

folds close 
air pressure builds up from expiration 
pressure open fold
air rush thro
vocal folds close off due to - elasticity and decrease in pressure

Question 15

what kind of process is myoelastic aero….

Answer 15

passive and repeats

Question 16

what is the bernoulli effect

Answer 16

when vocal folds close due to decrease in pressure
flow thor narrow costristion
velocity inc pressure dec

Question 17

what is phonation freq for men

Answer 17

125 Hz

Question 18

what is the phonation freq for woman

Answer 18

> 200 Hz

Question 19

what is the phonation freq for children

Answer 19

> 300 Hz

Question 20

what is the freq of phonation determined by

Answer 20

size vocal fold
fold tension
force of exp

Question 21

what si the size of the vocal folds

Answer 21

men - 17-24mm

woman - 13-17mm

Question 22

how does fold tension come about in relation to frequency

Answer 22

inc tension inc frequency

vocals muscle

Question 23

what is resonance

Answer 23

vibration of large amplitude produced by a relatively small vibration as natural frequency of resonating system

Question 24

what is natural frequency linked to

Answer 24

shape/volume

material

Question 25

what does resonance contribute to

Answer 25

selective amplification | vowels

Question 26

what does articulation contribute to

Answer 26

interruption of sound partial complete

Question 27

what are the principle resonating cavities

Answer 27

larynx pharynx nasal orall

Question 28

what happens in nasal cav

Answer 28

fixed shape and vol | but can divert air into or away from them

Question 29

what happens in oral can

Answer 29

subject to much change in vol and shape | position of tongue can change shape of oral cav

Question 30

what pathological changes can alter voice sounds

Answer 30

nasal blockage | cleft palate

Question 31

how are vowel sounds usually made

Answer 31

usually nasal cav sealed off by soft palate tongue alters shape of resonating chambers shape lips

Question 32

what is diphthong

Answer 32

``` greek with 2 sounds 2 vowels sounds in rapid succession ee ah oo ```

Question 33

what are the consonants produced by

Answer 33

articulation

Question 34

what is air flow impeded by

Answer 34

tongue teeth lips

Question 35

what is plosive

Answer 35

complete stoppage of air

Question 36

what is nasal sound

Answer 36

obstruction in mouth but nasal passage open

Question 37

what is a fricative sound

Answer 37

partial stopping only

Question 38

what is a affricative sound

Answer 38

partial stoppage with rapid release of air

Question 39

explain a plosive situ p and b

Answer 39

bilabial complete stoppage nasal passage closed

Question 40

explain a plosive situ d and t

Answer 40

alveolar complete stoppage in mouth closed nasal passage lips apart

Question 41

explain a plosive situ k and g

Answer 41

palate complete stoppage in mouth closed nasal passage lips apart

Question 42

explain a nasal situ for m

Answer 42

bilabial partial stoppage in mouth escape thro open nasal passage

Question 43

explain a nasal situ for n

Answer 43

alveolar partial stoppage in mouth escape thor nasal passage lips apart

Question 44

explain the nasal situ for ng

Answer 44

soft palate partial stoppage in mouth escape though open nasal passage lips apart

Question 45

explain fricative fro f an dv

Answer 45

labio-dental partial release of air closed nasal passage

Question 46

what is the fricative for th

Answer 46

lingua-dental partial release of air closed nasal passage

Question 47

what si the fricative sounds explanation for s, z

Answer 47

alveolar air passing between tongue and anterior palate closed nasals passage

Question 48

what is the sound explanation for affricative for sh, ch, j

Answer 48

greater part of tongue contact or just out of contact with the hard palate partial release of air closed nasal passage

Question 49

what si the 'lateral' consonant

Answer 49

l | air forced to leave side of mouth

Question 50

what si the 'rolled' consonant

Answer 50

r | rapid vibration f tongue

Question 51

what are some semi-vowel consonants

Answer 51

w y | special ways of starting or ending vowels

Question 52

what dental features can influence speech

Answer 52

``` tooth loss - esp ant removable prosthodontics - dentures orthodontic - too position fixed prosthodontics - crown occlusal splints ```

Question 53

what are 2 distinct capabilities assc with control of speech

Answer 53

comprehension | expression

Question 54

what hemisphere process speech control

Answer 54

left

Question 55

what si the phrase when brain transfers control to right hemisphere

Answer 55

CNS plasticitiy

Question 56

where is brocas area

Answer 56

left frontal lobe | close to motor cortex

Question 57

what is role of brocas area

Answer 57

production of speech coord breathing and muscles to speak word fomation

Question 58

what happens if lesion at brocas area

Answer 58

``` broca's aphasia non fluent aphasia expressive aphasia loss of fluent speech understand fine ```

Question 59

where is wernicke's ares

Answer 59

located left cortex junction between parietal and temporal lobe

Question 60

what does wernickes area receive inputs from

Answer 60

visual cortex - read comprehension and describe what see | auditory - understand spoken words