Flashcards in Cell Biology of Nervous System Deck (65)
1
what were the two original theories as to what the nervous system was? What one is correct
Ramon y Cajal - system of individual cells that communicate - this is correct
Camimllo Golgi - interconnected city of cells
2
what are nerve cells effectively
electrical cells
3
what do nerve cells create
AP's
4
what are the two ways nerve cells communicate
chemically and electrically
5
what is the CNS and what does it do
CNS - Braina nd spinal cord
process info
transport thro higher centres
6
what is the PNS and what does it do
Peripheral Neves outwit CNS
colect info sensory from periphery from enviro and back to CNs and back
7
what re neurons
building blocks of nervous system act as link in chain
8
what are processes
important functioning unit which allow communication
9
what nervous system has more processes
cNS more dendrites
10
what are glial cells
support cells
11
why do nerve cells need support cells
very delicate and help with function etc haha
12
how do nerve cells communicate
by secretion
13
what are the approximation of neutrons and glial cells
100 billion neurons with X10 more supporting glial cells
14
what is a neon a modified version of
secretory cell modified
15
what transports the neurtotrans
microtubules in axon
16
what are some parts of basic neurone cell structure
dendrites
nucleus
cell body
axon hillock
axon
17
how is the cytoplasm packed
very densely packed cyto a lot going on
18
what does the nerve cell body contain
rER nd ribosomes = proteins and mems
create cell process and vesicles
19
how are neurons classified
number of processes
20
what are the classification
unipolar
pseudo unipolar
bipolar
multipolar
21
what are pseudounipolar
one process no dendrites associated very rare to see fused dendrites
22
what is unipolar
a single process but no dendrites
23
when a single dendrite and the axon fuse during development
pseudounipolar
24
what are bipolar axons
an axon and the one dendrite
25
what is an example of a bipolar axon
special senses - eye, ear, nose
26
are bipolar axons common
not very more so than unipolar
27
what si the most common axon
multipolar
28
what is multipolar
many dendrites and one axon
29
what is a pyramidal cell an example of
multipolar, in cerebral cortex a lot of communication in CNS in brain
30
what do interneurons do
very short axons communication interconnecting cells
31
what are synapses
specialised intercellular gaps
32
what are the types of synapse
neuron - neuron axodendritic
neuromuscular junctions
33
what is the axon end bulb
the site of chemical neurotrans release
34
what is anterograde and retrograde movement
anterograde - from cell body down microtubules to end synapse
retrograde- back to axon
35
what moves with anterograde trans
neurotransmitters
36
what moves with retrograde trans
mito, dammaged mem to cell body
37
how do synapse vesicles throw out contents
exocytosis
38
what does each vesicle add to the presynaptic membrane
tiny lumps add to membrane not good if too much
39
what are the stages of vesicle secretion
vesicle tether to membrane then dock then fuse nd release
40
how are membranes recycled
using clatheri baskets
41
what process does clatherin baskets use to recycle excess membrane
endocytosis
42
what kind of movement does the clatherin basket use
retrograde movement
43
what is the other method of preventing too much build of presyn mem
kiss and run
44
what is the kiss and run method
the vesicle docks an releases some product but not all. then closes and vesicle leaves
45
which method has a larger peak of product
fully docking and release not kiss and run
46
how are th dendrites described
as a dendritic tree as process branch
47
what does more dendritic spines mean
more interaction with surrounding cells
48
what happens with repeated stimulation to dendrite
modification of dendritic spines
49
what s modification of dendritic spines called
long term potentiation
50
what is long term potentiation an example of
learning in the CNS
51
what doe myelin do
facilitate conduction as is an insulating coat
52
what si myelin structure along the axon like
wraps around th axon in internodes with discontinuous nodes of ranvier between internodes
53
whats the difference of the myelination of the CNS and PNS
CNS - oligodendrocyte 1:many
PNS - Schwan cells 1:1
54
what is an astrocyte
star like
strutural, metabolic, mechanical support of neurons
55
what is and oligodendrocyte
myelination of axons in CNS
56
what is microglia
aka macrophages
scavengers that phagocytose foreign matter
57
what are perivascular cells
similar to microglia but near blood vessels
58
what are schwann cells
myelination and trophic support of PNS
also involved in growth and repair
59
what are activated T lymphocytes
enter CNS for surveillance ensuring only 'self' cells
60
what are ependymal cells
line cavities , modified epithelia
61
what are support cells called
glial cells
62
what are some examples of glial cells
astrocytes
microglia
activated t lymphocytes
oligodendrocyte
schwann cells
ependymal cells
perivascular cells
63
what does the blood brain barrier do
protects brain from potentially toxic substances
maintain fluid enviro for neurons and glia
64
what do the tight junctions of the BB barrier do
restrict access to large molecules
65