Axilla Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Axilla

A _______ shaped space

Located inferior to _____ joint and superior to the ____ fascia at the junction of the ____ and _____

pyramidal

shoulder

axillary

arm and thorax

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Shape and size of axilla varies with position of arm

T/F

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Axilla is a Channel for neurovascular structures to reach_______ from ____

It has An ____, a ____ and ____

upper limbs

neck

apex

Base

4 walls

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APEX OF AXILLA

-Is the ________ canal
•Passageway between _____ and ____
•Lies btw ___ rib, _____ and superior edge of ______

cervico-axillary

neck and axilla

1st

clavicle

scapular

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BASE OF AXILLA

Formed by ____, _____ tissue and ____ fascia

Extends from _____ to ______( ~____ rib)

•The base is bounded by the anterior and posterior ______, the thoracic wall and the (medial or lateral?) aspect of the arm

skin; subcutaneous; axillary

arm to thoracic wall; 4th

axillary folds; medial

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______ of the axilla Forms the axillary fossa

Base of the axilla

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Axillary fossa

Aka

______

armpit

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ANTERIOR WALL OF AXILLA

Formed by _____ and _____ muscle and associated ______ and ____ fasciae

The anterior axillary fold is the (Superior or inferior?)most part of the anterior wall

It is formed by the _______ muscle and overlying ____

pectoralis major, minor

pectoral and clavicopectoral

Inferior

pectoralis major
skin

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POSTERIOR WALL OF AXILLA

Formed mainly by _______ and _______ and inferiorly by _____ and _____

•The ______ axillary fold is the inferiormost part of the posterior axillary wall

scapula and subscapularis

teres major and latissimus dorsi

posterior

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Posterior axillary fold is Formed by ______,________ and overlying skin

latissimus dorsi, teres major,

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MEDIAL WALL OF AXILLA

Formed by the ___-____ ribs and associated ______ muscles, and the overlying ________ muscle

1st to 4th

intercostal

serratus anterior

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LATERAL WALL

Formed by ______________ in the humerus

intertubercular groove

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CONTENTS OF THE AXILLA

______ and branches
________ and tributaries
______

Axillary artery

Axillary vein

Lymphatic

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THE AXILLARY ARTERY

Begins at (medial or lateral?) border of ______ as continuation of _____ artery

Passes posterior to ——— muscle into arm

Terminates at (superior or inferior?) border of \_\_\_\_\_
•Here it becomes the \_\_\_\_\_\_

Lateral

1st rib

subclavian

pectoralis minor

Inferior ; teres major

brachial artery

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The axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by ______

pectoralis minor

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THE 3 PARTS OF THE AXILLARY ARTERY

1st part (1 branch)
•Btw  \_\_\_\_ border of \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ border of  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

→________ artery

lateral

1st rib

medial

pectoralis minor

superior thoracic

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THE 3 PARTS OF THE AXILLARY ARTERY

2nd part (2 branches)
•Posterior to the \_\_\_\_\_\_

→______ and _____ arteries

pectoralis minor

thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic

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THE 3 PARTS OF THE AXILLARY ARTERY

3rd part (3 branches)
•\_\_\_\_\_ border of \_\_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_ border of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

→________,______, and ______ arteries

Lateral

pectoralis minor

inferior

teres major

subscapular, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral

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THE SUPERIOR THORACIC ARTERY

-(Small or big?) vessel
-Arises from ___ part of axillary artery just (above or below?) the _____
•Supplies

______
Muscles in the _____ and ____ spaces
________
Overlying _____ muscles

Small

first

Below

Subclavius

subclavius

1st and 2nd intercostal

Serratus anterior

pectoral

THE THORACOACROMIAL ARTERY

(Short or long?) (wide or narrow?) trunk
___ branch of ___ part of axillary artery deep to pectoralis minor
Pierces _____ membrane and divides into 4 branches (superficial or deep?) to _____ head of _______

Short

Wide

1st; 2nd

costocoracoid

Deep; clavicular

pectoralis major

The thoracoacromial artery

4 Branches:

____ artery
____ artery
_____ artery
____ artery

Acromial

Deltoid

Pectoral

Clavicular

THE LATERAL THORACIC ARTERY

Static origin

T/F

Variable

The lateral thoracic artery

Usually arises as ____ branch of ____ part of axillary artery
•Descends along ______ border of pectoralis minor
•May arise from ______,_____,______ arteries
•Supplies:

_______ muscles
_____
_________ muscle
______ lymph nodes
______ aspect of breast

2nd

lateral

thoracoacromial, suprascapular and subscapular

Pectoral
Serratus anterior 
Intercoastal
Axillary
Lateral

THE SUBSCAPULAR ARTERY

Arise from ____ part
Descends along _____ border of _____ on posterior axillary wall
Divides into ______ and ______ arteries
Supplies:
_______
______
_______

3rd

lateral

subscapularis

circumflex scapular & thoracodorsal

Subscapularis
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi

Largest branch of axillary artery is ????

Subscapular artery

Larger branch of subscapular artery is ????

Circumflex scapular artery

THE CIRCUMFLEX SCAPULAR * Curves (anteriorly or posteriorly?) around axillary border of scapular * Passing posteriorly between _______ and _______ muscles * Supplies muscles on _____ of scapula

posteriorly subscapularis and teres major dorsum

THE THORACODORSAL ARTERY •Continues to the ____ angle of the scapula * Supply: * Adjacent muscles: principally _______

inferior latissimus dorsi

THE CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERIES * Arise from ____ part * Opposite _____ artery * Pass around the ____ neck of humerus to anastomose with _____

3rd subscapular surgical each other

THE ANTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY * (Smaller or larger?) of the 2 circumflex arteries * Passes (medially or laterally?) (superficial or deep?) to ______ and _____ * Gives off ascending branch that supplies shoulder

Smaller Laterally Deep coracobrachialis and biceps brachii

THE POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY •Passes (medially or laterally?) through (anterior or posterior?) wall of axilla via the ______ space accompanied by _____ nerve Supplies: ______ joint and surrounding muscles e.g. ____,_____,______, and ______

Medially posterior quadrangular axillary Shoulder deltoid, teres major and minor and long head of triceps

Axillary vein Is formed at the (inferior or superior?) border of the ____ muscle •By the union of the _____ vein and the ______ veins •It lies on the (medial or lateral?) aspect of the axillary artery

Inferior teres major basilic; brachial medial

When the arm is abducted fully, the axillary vein lies (anterior or posterior?) and (superior or inferior?) to the axillary artery

Anterior Superior

At the lateral border of the 1st rib, the axillary vein becomes the ———— vein

subclavian

AXILLARY LYMPH NODES Arranged in 5 groups: 1. _____ group 2. ______/_____group 3. ____/______ group 4. _____/______ group 5. ______ group

Apical Pectoral/Anterior Subscapular/Posterior Humeral/Lateral Central

APICAL GROUP * Present at ____ * lie along (medial or lateral ?) side of axillary vein and ____ part of axillary artery Receives lymph from ________ lymph nodes + lymphatics accompanying ______ vein

apex Medial first all other gps of axillary proximal cephalic

Efferent vessels from the apical group of nodes unite to form the ______________

subclavian lymphatic trunk

The subclavian lymphatic trunk on the right side may join the ________ to form the _____ duct OR, It may enter the _______ independently the subclavian lymphatic trunk on the left side commonly joins the _______

bronchomediastinal trunks right lymphatic right venous angle thoracic duct

PECTORAL/ANTERIOR GROUP * Made up of __to__ lymph nodes * Lie along the (medial or lateral?) wall of axilla around the ______ vein and the (superior or inferior?) border of ________ * Receives lymph mainly from _______ and _____ * Efferent lymphatic vessels pass to the _____ and ______ gps

3 to 5 Medial lateral thoracic Inferior pectoralis minor anterior thoracic wall + breast central and apical

SUBSCAPULAR/POSTERIOR GROUP * Consists of __ or __ * Lie along the _____ axillary fold and _____ blood vessels * Receives lymph from the (anterior or posterior?) aspect of the thoracic wall and scapular region * Efferent lymphatic vessels pass to the ______ and _____ gps

6 or 7 posterior; subscapular Posterior central and apical

HUMERAL/LATERAL GROUP * Comprises of ___ to ____ lymph nodes * Lie along _____ wall of axilla, (medial or lateral?) and (anterior or posterior?) to axillary vein •Receives almost all the lymph from ___ except lymph carried by lymphatic vessels accompanying the _____

4 to 6 lateral Medial; Posterior upper limb cephalic vein

CENTRAL GROUP * Consists of ___ to ___ lymph nodes * Situated deep to the ______ muscle near the ___ of the axilla * Receives lymph from the _____,_____, and _____ gp of axillary lymph nodes * Efferent vessels from the central gp pass to the _____ group of lymph nodes

3 to 4 pectoralis minor base pectoral, subscapular and humeral apical

SCAPULAR ANASTOMOSIS The extreme mobility of the shoulder joint may result in kinking of the axillary artery and a temporary occlusion of its lumen •To compensate for this, an important arterial anastomosis exists between the branches of the ______ artery and the ____ artery •Ensuring that an adequate blood flow takes place into the upper limb irrespective of the position of the arm

subclavian axillary

VESSELS INVOLVED IN SCAPULAR ANASTOMOSIS Subclavian artery •__________ artery •__________ artery * Axillary artery * ________ artery

Dorsal scapular Suprascapular subscapular

Which parts of the axillary vein are sheathed and which parts aren’t

2nd and 3rd sheathless 1st part, sheathed