Gluteal Region Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Gluteal Region

●It is the region behind the pelvis, extending from the _____ superiorly to the ______ inferiorly

iliac crest

gluteal fold

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gluteal fold is ___________

fold of the buttock

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Gluteal fold indicates the lower border of the ______ muscle

gluteus maximus

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gluteal sulcus/crease is a ______ for the hip joint)

skin crease

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A deep midline groove, the __________ separates the buttocks from each other.

natal (intergluteal) cleft

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Superficial fascia of the gluteal region

Thin or Thick?
(Sparse or dense?)
(Poorly or well?) developed
laden with (little or large?) quantities of fat

Thick
Dense

Well developed

Large

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large quantities of fat in the superficial fascia of the gluteal region

●Gives the characteristic (concavity or convexity?) to the buttock
●Forms a (thin or thick?) cushion over the ________

Convexity

Thick

ischial tuberosity

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Cutaneous Nerve supply of the booty

●Upper lateral quadrant: (medial or Lateral ?) branches of ____ and ___
●Upper medial quadrant: (anterior or Posterior?) rami of _____ and ____
●Lower lateral quadrant: branches from _________ (____)
●Lower medial quadrant: branches from ______ (_____)
●Skin in the floor of the natal cleft: branches from ______ and _____ nerves

Lateral ; iliohypogastric (L1) and T12

Posterior ; L1,2,3 & S1,2,3

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh; L2,3

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh; S1,2,3

lower sacral and coccygeal

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The skin and the fat of the gluteal region is:

●Supplied by perforating branches of the ______ and ______ arteries
●Drain into the (medial or lateral?) group of the __________ lymph nodes

superior and inferior gluteal

Lateral

superficial Inguinal

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Deep Fascia of the gluteal region

●Is continuation of the _____ (deep fascia of the ____)
●At the ___ border of the _____, fascia lata splits to enclose the muscle
●Above the gluteus maximus, the deep fascia continues as one layer covering the _____ & gets attached to ______
●Laterally the fascia merges with the ________

fascia lata; thigh

lower; gluteus Maximus

gluteus medius; iliac crest

iliotibial tract

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2 ligaments of the go teal region

●________
●_________

Sacrospinous

Sacrotuberous

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2 ligaments of the gluteal region

●Sacrospinous, connecting ____ to ____
●Sacrotuberous, connecting _______ to ___
●They convert the greater & lesser sciatic notches into —————————
●Their main function is to:
● ____ the sacrum
●Prevent its (anterior or posterior?) rotation at the _____ joint

sacrum; ischial spine

sacrum; ischial tuberosity

greater & lesser sciatic foramina

Stabilize

Posterior

sacroiliac

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Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen

Above the piriformis:

?????????

Superior gluteal vessels & nerve

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Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen

Below the piriformis:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ vessels & nerve
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve of \_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_ nerve & \_\_\_\_\_\_ vessels
Nerve to \_\_\_\_\_
Nerve to \_\_\_\_\_\_

Inferior gluteal

Sciatic

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Pudendal; Internal pudendal

obturator internus

quadratus femoris

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Structures passing through the lesser sciatic foramen

Entering:
______ nerve &
__________ vessels

Exiting:
Tendon of _____
Nerve to _____

Pudendal

Internal pudendal

obturator internus

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Largest muscle in the body is ???

Gluteus Maximus

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______ muscle Forms the prominence of buttock

Gluteus Maximus

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Gluteus Maximus

Origin:
●(inner or Outer?) surface of ilium behind the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
●\_\_\_\_\_ fascia
●Posterior surface of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
● \_\_\_\_\_\_\_  ligament

Outer; posterior gluteal line

Lumbar

sacrum & coccyx

Sacrotuberous

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Gluteus Maximus

Insertion:
● Most of the muscle (3/4th) inserted into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
●Deeper fibers inserted to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
●Nerve supply:
●\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)

iliotibial tract

gluteal tuberosity

Inferior gluteal

L5, S1, 2

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Gluteus Maximus

Actions:
➢(flexes or Extends?) & (medially or laterally?) rotates the hip joint
➢(flexes or Extends?) the knee joint (through ______)

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Extends

Laterally

Extends; iliotibial tract

Gluteus Maximus Gives simultaneous stability to the hip and knee joints through the iliotibial tract

T/F

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__________ muscle is the chief antigravity muscle of the hip.

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Gluteus maximus

Gluteus Maximus is used in sitting from a standing up position
T/F

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Used in standing from a sitting position

Gluteus Maximus is used in running & climbing up stairs.

T/F

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Gluteus Maximus does "forced extension". T/F

Gluteus Medius ●Origin: outer surface of ilium between the _____ and _____ lines ●Insertion: (medial or Lateral?) surface of ______ ●Nerve supply:_______ nerve (______) ●Action: ●(Adducts or Abducts?) & (medially or laterally?) rotates the thigh

middle and posterior gluteal Lateral ; greater trochanter Superior gluteal; L4,5, S1 Abducts; medially

Gluteus medius Steadies the pelvis in walking T/F

Gluteus Minimus ●Origin: _____ surface of _____ ●Insertion: (Anterior or posterior?) surface of __________ ●Nerve supply: _______ nerve (_____) ●Action: (Adducts or Abducts?) & (medially or laterally?) rotates the thigh

Outer ; ilium Anterior ; greater trochanter Superior gluteal; L4,5, S1 Abducts; medially

Tensor Fascia Lata muscle ●Origin: Outer edge of iliac crest between ________ and _____ ●Insertion: Into the ______ ●Nerve supply:______ nerve (_____) ●Action: Maintains the ___ in _____ position

anterior superior iliac spine & iliac tubercle iliotibial tract Superior gluteal L4,5, S1 knee; extended

Piriformis ●Origin: (Anterior or posterior?) surface of _____ vertebrae ●Insertion: ____ border of ____ ●Nerve supply: Anterior rami of ____ ●Action: ●(medial or Lateral?) rotator of thigh ●Assists in _________ especially in ___uction

Anterior ; S2,3,4 Upper; greater trochanter S1,2 Lateral stabilizing hip joint Abd

Obturator Internus ●Origin: (outer or Inner?) surface of _______ and adjacent bone ●Insertion:____ border of _______ along with ______ ●Nerve supply: _______(L4,S1) ●Action: (medial or Lateral?) rotator of thigh

Inner; obturator membrane Upper; greater trochanter Gemelli nerve to obturator internus ; Lateral

Superior & Inferior Gemelli Origin: ●Superior from ____ ●Inferior from ______ Insertion:____ border of _______ Nerve supply: ●Superior from ——————(L4, S1) ●Inferior from ____________ (L4, S1) ●Action: (medial or Lateral?) rotators of thigh

ischial spine; ischial tuberosity Upper greater trochanter nerve to obturator internus nerve to quadratus femoris Lateral

``` Quadratus Femoris ●Origin: Lateral border of ______ ●Insertion:________ of ____ ●Nerve supply:________________(L4,S1) ●Action: (medial or Lateral?) rotator of thigh ```

ischial tuberosity Quadrate tubercle of femur nerve to quadratus femoris Lateral

Arteries of the Gluteal Region Branches of internal iliac artery: ●_________ ●_______ Branches of femoral artery: ●______ ●_______ Branches of profunda femoris artery: ●____________ branch

Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal Lateral circumflex Medial circumflex First perforating

Superior & Inferior Gluteal Arteries ●Are branches of the _______ artery ●Enter the gluteal region through the ________________ ●Supply the gluteal region and contribute to the anastomosis around the ____ joint

internal iliac greater sciatic foramen hip

Trochanteric Anastomosis Is the main supply to the __________ and ______

head & neck of femur

Trochanteric Anastomosis ●Provides a connection between _______ and _____ arteries

internal iliac and femoral

Trochanteric Anastomosis ●Lies near the ______, branches run along the _______ beneath the ___ fibers of the capsule

trochanteric fossa femoral neck reticular

Trochanteric Anastomosis Formed by: ●Descending branches of ______arteries ●Ascending branches of _________ arteries

superior and inferior gluteal lateral and medial circumflex

Arterial supply to Femoral head •__________ arteries •__________ arteries •________ artery via artery of femoral ligament

Medial & lateral femoral circumflex Superior and inferior gluteal Post. obdurator

Cruciate Anastomosis ●Lies at the level of ___________ ●Provides a connection between _______ and ____ arteries ●Formed by: ●Descending branch of ______ artery ●Transverse branches of ________ arteries & ●Ascending branch of _______ artery

lesser trochanter internal iliac and femoral inferior gluteal medial and lateral circumflex first perforating

Bursae Related to Gluteus Maximus ●______ Bursa ●_____ Bursa ●____ Bursa

Gluteofemoral Trochanteric Ischial

Bursae Related to Gluteus Maximus ●Gluteofemoral Bursa: lies between _______ and ______ ●Trochanteric Bursa: lies between _______ and ______ ●Ischial Bursa: lies between ______ & _______

gluteus maximus tendon vastus lateralis gluteus maximus tendon; greater trochanter gluteus maximus; ischial tuberosity

Safe Area for Intramuscular Injection ________ quadrant of the buttock is the safe area for intramuscular injection to avoid injury to the underlying sciatic nerve

Outer upper

Intramuscular injection enables a large amount of a drug to be introduced at ____ but absorbed ____.

once gradually

Trendelenburg Test | To assesses whether the __________ (particularly ______) are functioning normally

hip abductors gluteus medius

Trendelenburg test Observe patient from behind, ask him/her to ___________ and then _____ ●Negative test: Pelvis ‘____’ on contralateral side ●Positive test: Pelvis ‘____’ on contralateral side

stand on one foot and then the other tilts up sags

Problems that could lead to a positive Trendelenburg test: ●Fracture at _______ ●Dislocation of ___ joint ●Coxa ___ ●Nonfunctioning gluteus medius and minimus due to: Neurological damage (_____ disc herniation) or Any disease affecting muscles (myopathy)

neck of femur hip Vara L4 – 5

Coxa vara= ______ Coxa valga =______ Normal

Less than 120 More than135 120-135

Gluteal Region Flashcards

(49 cards)