Muscles Of The Leg Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

List the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

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General action of the muscles of the anterior leg

Dorsi flexion of foot and inversion of foot

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Which muscles of the anterior leg are extensors

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

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muscles of the anterior leg are innervated by ?????

Deep fibular nerve

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muscles of the anterior leg are supplied arterially by ???

Anterior tibial artery

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Strongest dorsiflexor of the foot is ???

Tibialis anterior

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To test the power of the tibialis anterior, the patient can be asked to _________

stand on their heels

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The tibialis anterior muscle is located alongside the (medial or lateral?) surface of the tibia.

Lateral

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TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

-(anterior or Posterior?) to medial malleous

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Tibialis anterior

ORIGIN:____ of ____/ (medial or lateral ?) surface of the ___

INSERTION: ______ and _____

upper 2/3 of tibia

Lateral ; tibia

medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

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Tibialis anterior

ACTION: _____ and _____

INNERVATION:________ nerve

inversion; dorsiflexion

deep peroneal

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The extensor digitorum longus lies (medial or lateral?) and (superficial or deep?) to the tibialis anterior.

Lateral

Deep

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The tendons of the EDL can be palpated

T/F

If T, where
If F, why

on the dorsal surface of the foot.

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EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
-pass (anterior or posterior?) to lateral maleolus

ORIGIN: (medial or lateral ?) condyle of ___ and (anterior or posterior ?) surface of _____

Lateral ; tibia

Anterior ; fibula

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EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

INSERTION: _____ and _____ of __ toes

ACTION: ____ and ____

INNERVATION: __________ nerve

middle and distal phalanx; four

eversion, dorsiflexion

deep peroneal

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The extensor hallucis longus is located (superficial or deep?) to the EDL and TA.

Deep

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The extensor hallucis longus

Attachments: Originates from the (medial or lateral ?) surface of the ____ shaft.

The tendon crosses (anterior or posterior?) to the ankle joint and attaches to the (apex or base?) of the ___ phalanx of the great toe.

Medial

fibular

Base

distal

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The extensor hallucis longus

Action: ______ of the great toe and ____ of the foot.

Innervation:__________ nerve.

Extension

dorsiflexion

Deep fibular

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The fibularis tertius muscles arises from the most (superior or inferior?) part of the EDL.

Inferior

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The fibularis tertius is present in all individuals

T/F

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Fibularis tertius

Originates with the ______ muscle from the (medial or lateral ?)surface of the fibula.

extensor digitorum longus

Medial; fibular

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Fibularis tertius

Actions:_____ and ____ of the foot.

Innervation: _______ nerve.

Eversion and dorsiflexion

Deep fibular

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Footdrop is a clinical sign indicating paralysis of the muscles in the ______ compartment of the leg. It typically occurs as a consequence of damage to the _____nerve – from which the ______ nerve arises.

common fibular (peroneal)

deep fibular

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In footdrop, the muscles in the _____ compartment are paralysed.

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The unopposed pull of the muscles in the posterior leg produce permanent ____flexion.

plantar

muscle of the anterior leg that produces eversion at the subtalar joint?

Fibularis tertius

The _______ leg is the largest of the 3 compartments of the leg

posterior

Collectively, the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg _______ and ______ the foot. They are innervated by the ____ nerve, a _____ branch of the ____ nerve.

plantarflex and invert tibial terminal sciatic

The superficial muscles of the posterior leg form the characteristic ‘ _____ ’ shape of the posterior leg. They all insert into the _____ of the foot (the ___ bone), via the ____ tendon.

calf calcaneus heel calcaneal

The calcaneal reflex tests spinal roots __-___

S1-S2.

To minimise friction in the posterior compartment of the leg during movement, there are ___ bursae (fluid filled sacs) associated with the calcaneal tendon: List them

two Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa Deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon

Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa – lies between the _____ and _____. Deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon – lies between the ______ and _____

skin and the calcaneal tendon tendon and the calcaneus.

The _______ is the most superficial of all the muscles in the posterior leg.

gastrocnemius

gastrocnemius It has two heads – ______ and _____ , which converge to form a single muscle belly.

medial and lateral

Gastrocnemius Attachments: The lateral head originates from the _____, and medial head from the _____. The fibres converge, and form a single muscle belly.

lateral femoral condyle medial femoral condyle

In the lower part of the leg, the muscle belly of gastrocnemius combines with the _____ to from the _________, with inserts onto the _____ (the heel bone).

soleus calcaneal tendon calcaneus

Gastrocnemius Actions: It ____flexes at the ankle joint, and because it crosses the knee, it is a _____ there. Innervation: ____ nerve

plantar flexor Tibial

The plantaris is a (small or large ?) muscle with a long tendon, which can be mistaken for a ____ as it descends down the leg.

Small nerve

Plantaris is absent in ____% of people.

Plantaris Attachments: Originates from the _________ of the femur. The muscle descends (medially or laterally?) , condensing into a tendon that runs down the leg, between the ____ and _____ The tendon blends with the _________

lateral supracondylar line Medially gastrocnemius and soleus. calcaneal tendon.

Plantaris Actions: It ____flexes at the ankle joint, and because it crosses the knee, it is a ____ there. Innervation: ____ nerve

plantar flexor Tibial

Plantaris is a vital muscle for plantar flexion of ankle joint and flexor of knee joint T/F

F It’s not

The soleus is located (superior or deep?) to the gastrocnemius. It is (small or large?) and (round or flat?) , It is named soleus due to its resemblance of a ____ – a ______

Deep Large Flat sole; flat fish.

Soleus Attachments: Originates from the ____ of the ——— and (proximal or distal?) ____ area. The muscle (widens or narrows?) in the lower part of the leg, and joins the _____

soleal line of the tibia Proximal ; fibular Narrows calcaneal tendon.

Soleus Actions: ____flexes the foot at the ankle joint. Innervation:____ Nerve.

Plantar Tibial

Ruptured Calcaneal Tendon Rupture of the calcaneal tendon refers to a partial or complete tear of the tendon. It is more likely to occur in people with a history of _______ (______ ——— of the tendon). The injury is usually sustained during forceful ____ of the foot. The patient will be unable to_____ the foot against resistance, and the affected foot will be permanently ______. The _____ and _____ can contract to form a lump in the calf region. Treatment of a ruptured calcaneal tendon is usually (surgical or non-surgical?) , except in those with ___ lifestyles.

calcaneal tendinitis chronic inflammation plantarflexion; plantarflex dorsiflexed soleus and gastrocnemius Non-surgical ; active

There are ____ muscles in the deep compartment of the posterior leg. List them and where they act on

four One muscle, the popliteus, acts only on the knee joint. The remaining three muscles (tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus) act on the ankle and foot.

The popliteus is located (superiorly or inferiorly?) in the leg. It lies (infront of or behind?) the knee joint, forming the (base or apex?) of the _____

superiorly Behind Base popliteal fossa.

There is a bursa (fluid filled sac) that lies between the _____ and the (anterior or posterior?) surface of the ____ joint. It is called the popliteus bursa.

popliteal tendon Posterior knee

Popliteus Attachments: Originates from the _____ of the ____ and the (anterior or posterior?) horn of the _______ ———. From there, it runs (superior or inferior?) (Medially or laterally ?) towards the ____ bone and inserts above the ____ of the _____ muscle.

lateral condyle of the femur Posterior lateral meniscus Inferior Medially tibia origin of the soleus

Popliteus Actions: (medially or Laterally ?) rotates the ____ on the ____ –this is ‘_____’ the knee joint so that ____ can occur. Innervation:_____ nerve.

Laterally femur on the tibia unlocking flexion Tibial

_______ muscle is the deepest out of the four muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg

tibialis posterior

Tibialis Posterior lies between the ———- and _______ muscles .

flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus

Tibialis Posterior Attachments: Originates from the _____ between the ____ and ____, and ____ surfaces of the two bones. The tendon enters the foot posterior to the _____________ , and attaches to the (plantar or dorsal?) surfaces of the ______ bones.

interosseous membrane tibia and fibula posterior medial malleolus Plantar medial tarsal

Tibialis Posterior Actions: _____ and ____flexes the foot, maintains the _______ of the foot. Innervation:______ nerve.

Inverts and plantar medial arch Tibial

Which is larger , Flexor Digitorum Longus or flexor hallucis longus

The FDL is (surprisingly) a smaller muscle than the flexor hallucis longus.

Flexor Digitorum Longus It is located (medially or laterally ?) in the posterior leg.

Medially

Flexor Digitorum Longus Attachments: Originates from the (medial or lateral?) surface of the ____, attaches to the (plantar or dorsal?) surfaces of the ______

Medial; tibia Plantar lateral four digits.

Flexor Digitorum Longus Actions: _____ the lateral four toes. Innervation:_____ nerve.

Flexes Tibial

Flexor Hallucis Longus The flexor hallucis longus muscle is found on the (medial or lateral?) side of leg.

Lateral

Flexor Hallucis Longus Attachments: Originates from the (anterior or posterior?) surface of the ____, attaches to the (plantar or dorsal ?) surface of the phalanx of the ______

Posterior fibula Plantar great toe.

Flexor Hallucis Longus Actions: ____ the great toe. Innervation:____ nerve.

Flexes Tibial

There are two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg; the ______ and ______ (also known as ______ and _____ ).

fibularis longus and brevis peroneal longus and brevis

The common function of the muscles of the lateral compartment is ______ They are both innervated by the _______ nerve.

eversion superficial fibular

From the anatomical position, only a few degrees of eversion are possible. In reality, the job of these muscles of the lateral compartment is to ‘ ____ ’ the ____ of the foot during ____ , and prevent ________

fix medial margin running excessive inversion.

Which is larger Which is deeper Between fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

The fibularis longus is the larger and more superficial muscle within the compartment

Fibularis longus Attachments The fibularis longus originates from the _____ and ______ surface of the ____ and the ___________ The fibres converge into a tendon, which descends into the foot, (anterior or posterior?) to the lateral malleolus. The tendon crosses under the foot, and attaches to the bones on the (medial or lateral?) side, namely the _____ and _____

superior and lateral fibula lateral tibial condyle. Posterior Medial medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I.

Fibularis longus Actions: _____ and ___flexion of the foot. Innervation: _________ nerve, ___-____

Eversion and plantar Superficial fibular (peroneal) L4-S1.

The fibularis brevis also supports the lateral and transverse arches of the foot. T/F

F Longus

Fibularis brevis Attachments: Originates from the (superior or inferior?) (medial or lateral?) surface of the ____ shaft. ``` The muscle belly forms a tendon, which descends with the _______ into the foot. It travels (anteriorly or posteriorly ?) to the lateral malleolus, passing over the ____ and the ____ bones. The tendon then attaches to a ___ on _________ ```

Inferior ; lateral fibular fibularis longus Posteriorly calcaneus; cuboidal tubercle; metatarsal V.

Fibularis brevis Actions:______ of the foot. Innervation: ___________ nerve, L4-S1.

Eversion Superficial fibular (peroneal)

The common fibular nerve can be a difficult structure to identify. However, it can be located using the ______ as an anatomical landmark.

fibularis longus

There is a small space between the parts of the fibularis longus that originate from the ___ of the fibula, and the ____ of the fibula. The ______ nerve passes through this gap, and is easily identified After passing through the gap, the nerve terminates by bifurcating into two terminal branches; the ____ and ______ nerve.

head Neck common fibular deep and superficial fibular

Muscles Of The Leg Flashcards

(73 cards)