Blood Supply Of Lower Limb

Question 1

Most of the blood supply to the lower limb is carried in the ________ artery.
•This becomes the ____ artery as it enters the thigh by passing deep to the ______ at the groin.

Answer 1

external iliac

femoral

inguinal ligament

Question 2

In the femoral triangle of the upper thigh, the femoral artery has a major branch; the ________ artery which supplies much of the thigh.

Answer 2

profunda femoris

Question 3

The femoral artery leaves the femoral triangle and runs through the ______

then the femoral artery enters the ____ fossa by passing through the _____ muscle.

The name of the vessel then changes to the_____ artery.

Answer 3

adductor canal.

popliteal

adductor magnus

popliteal

Question 4

Below the level of the knee joint, the popliteal artery divides into the ______ and _____ arteries.

Answer 4

anterior and posterior tibial

Question 5

The anterior tibial artery

-enters the _____ compartment of the leg by passing between the ____ and ____ bones (above or below?) the interosseous membrane.

•It supplies the structures in the ____
compartment of the leg and continues onto the ______ of the foot as the ____ artery, which finally enters the ___ of the foot .

Answer 5

anterior

tibia and fibula

Above

anterior

dorsum

dorsalis pedis

sole

Question 6

The posterior tibial artery continues through the shin, lying between the ___ and the deeper muscles and giving off the ____ artery, which enters the ____ compartment.
• It then enters the ____ of the foot by passing behind the ______

Answer 6

soleus

peroneal

lateral

sole

medial malleolus.

Question 7

In the sole, the posterior tibial artery divides into the _____ and _______ arteries which anastomose with _____ and with the _______ artery to supply the (anterior or posterior ?) foot.

Answer 7

medial and lateral plantar

Each other

dorsalis pedis

Anterior

Question 8

The veins of the lower limb drain (oxygenated or deoxygenated?) blood and return it to the heart.

They can be divided into two groups – ____ and ______:

Answer 8

deoxygenated

deep and superficial

Question 9

Lower limb

Deep veins are located underneath the _____ of the lower limb, accompanying the _____

Superficial veins are found in the ________.

Answer 9

deep fascia

major arteries.

subcutaneous tissue

Question 10

Superficial veins of lower limb eventually drain into the deep veins

T/F

Answer 10

T

Question 11

both deep and superficial venous drainages of the lower limb anastomose through _______ veins.

Answer 11

perforating

Question 12

Veins of both systems of the lower limb have few valves along their length.

T/F

Answer 12

F

Numerous

Question 13

Deep veins of lower limb

The deep venous drainage system of the lower limb is located beneath the ________ of the lower limb.

Answer 13

deep fascia

Question 14

Often, the artery and vein are located within the same vascular sheath

T/F

With reason

Answer 14

T

so that the arterial pulsations aid the venous return.

Question 15

Anterior tibial vein:

Veins accompanying ______ arteries end in the ________ arch (_____ artery)

Venous arch continues as the anterior tibial vein

Finally joins with the posterior tibial vein to form _____ vein

Answer 15

dorsal metatarsal

dorsal venous

arcuate

popliteal

Question 16

Posterior tibial vein:

_________ veins join to form ____ arch (continues as _____ vein)

This will join the _____ vein and continue as posterior tibial vein

This vein is joined by the _________ vein

Answer 16

Plantar metatarsal

plantar

lateral plantar

medial plantar

peroneal or fibular

Question 17

Posterior tibial vein combines with the anterior tibial vein and continues as ______ vein

These veins receive many tributaries corresponding to the branches of the arteries of same name.

Answer 17

popliteal

Question 18

Continuation of the popliteal vein is ????

Answer 18

Femoral vein

Question 19

Femoral vein

Receives _______ vein and its tributaries
Many muscular veins form other tributaries of this vein

Continues as _______ vein

Answer 19

profunda femoris

external iliac

Question 20

Factors responsible for venous return from lower limb

General factors :
•(positive or Negative?) intra thoracic pressure(_______ position ).
•The _____ of accompanying arteries.
•The valves allows the blood to flow in ____ direction only.
•The deep veins lie in the ______ compartment.
(____ position).

Answer 20

Negative; Recumbent

pulsations

upward

tight fascial ; upright

Question 21

Factors responsible for venous return from lower limb

Local factors:

Muscular : When the limb is active, muscular contraction _____ the ___ veins and drives the blood in them _____.

Fascial : Tight sleeve of deep fascia makes the muscular compression of the veins _______ by limiting _______ of the muscles.

Answer 21

compresses

deep

upwards

much more effective

outward bulging

Question 22

Veins of lower limb are muscular

T/F

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Superficial veins of lower limb

-Lie in _____ fascia.
•Drain into ____ veins at their termination.
•Connect to deep veins through _____ veins.

Answer 23

superficial

deep

perforating

Question 24

Superficial Veins of lower limb include:

• _________
• ________________ vein.
• __________________ vein

Answer 24

Dorsal Venous arch.

Great or long saphenous

Small or short saphenous

Question 25

Dorsal venous arch Begins behind _____ of ____

Answer 25

heads of metatarsals

Question 26

Small Saphenous vein •From plexus on (plantar or dorsum?) & (medial or lateral?) aspect of foot •Courses upwards (behind or infront of?) ________ to median line of calf, accompanied by ____ nerve •Empties into ______ vein • _____ valves, __ near termination •Communicates with ___ veins & with _______ vein

Answer 26

Dorsum Lateral behind lat malleolus sural popliteal 7-13; 1 deep; great saphenous

Question 27

Great saphenous vein Longest vein •Continuation of (medial or lateral?) end of dorsal venous arch •This vein is a conjunction of the dorsal vein of the _______ and the _______ of the foot. •It travels up the leg, (anterior or posterior?) to the _________ ), and ascends all the way up the lower limb on the inner aspect of ______ and ______ •At the height of the upper thigh, it enters through the saphenous opening of the ____ and empties into the _____ vein.

Answer 27

Medial great toe dorsal venous arch Anterior medial malleolus leg and thigh. fascia lata; femoral

Question 28

Small Saphenous Vein Bifurcates to drain into : •________ vein •_________ vein

Answer 28

Great saphenous Popliteal

Question 29

VARICOSE VEIN: Varicose disease of the ____ veins of the lower limb is the most common chronic venous disease, affecting ___% of the adult population.

Answer 29

superficial 15

Question 30

Primary varices generally result from _____ of the wall of the vein leading to (constricted or dilated?) , ____ vessels and incompetent venous _____. Secondary varices can develop from ______ of the deep veins with incompetence of the ____ veins. This causes a reversal of flow through the perforating veins. As the superficial veins dilate with increased volume, valve leaflets _____ and become _______.

Answer 30

degeneration Dilated tortuous valves chronic occlusion perforator separate; incompetent

Question 31

Varicose veins are due to ______ valves within the _____ veins, with blood no longer passing from ______ to _____ veins. •The superficial veins become _____ and______ because blood can now flow from ___ to ____ veins.

Answer 31

incompetent perforating superficial to deep Tortuous and dilated deep to superficial

Question 32

If valve incompetence is at sapheno-femoral junction, it is known as a ________.

Answer 32

saphena varix

Question 33

DEEP VEIN THROMBOSES (DVT) Thromboses (blood clots) in the deep veins of the leg result from ____, the ____ or _____ of blood. •This can result from prolonged ____ or anatomic abnormalities such as ____ of the ____ fascia. * Thrombi from the legs can break off and travel to the heart and lungs, lodging in the pulmonary arterial tree as pulmonary ____. * Large clots can severely impair lung function and even cause death.

Answer 33

stasis slowing or pooling inactivity laxity crural emboli

Question 34

Thrombophlebitis is the ______ of vein caused by ________.

Answer 34

inflammation thrombosis

Question 35

Superficial inguinal Lymph nodes Exist in the _____ fascia of the _____ region. They can be ordered in 2 groups: upper and lower, resembling the letter “ ___ ”. The upper horizontal group includes _____ nodes, which are located (above or below?) the inguinal ligament.

Answer 35

superficial inguinal T 5 or 6 Below

Question 36

The lateral members of upper group (2 or 3 nodes) of superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive afferent from: * _____ region. * (Upper or lower?) part of the (medial or lateral?) side of the thigh. * ______ and ____ of the abdominal wall below the _____ plane.

Answer 36

Gluteal Upper Lateral Flank and rear umbilical

Question 37

The medial members of the upper group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive afferent from: •______ tissue of the ——— abdominal wall below the ____ •Penis consisting of ____ and ___ in male, ____ and _____ (above or below?) the hymen in female. •______ and (upper or lower?) part of the anal canal (above or below?) the pectinate line. •Few lymphatics from the _____ angle of uterus which accompany the _______________

Answer 37

Subcutaneous ; anterior ;umbilicus prepuce and scrotum vulva and vagina; Below Perineum; lower; below superolateral; round ligament of uterus.

Question 38

The lower vertical group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes is composed of _______ nodes. They can be set along either side of the terminal part of _________ vein. They receive afferent from the skin and fasciae of the majority of the lower limb (great saphenous land), with the exception of ______, which drain into upper lateral group and the ______, which drain into ___ nodes.

Answer 38

4 or 5 great saphenous buttock short saphenous land popliteal

Question 39

The efferents from all the superficial inguinal nodes pierce the _____ fascia and terminate into the _______ nodes.

Answer 39

cribriform deep inguinal

Question 40

Deep lymph nodes of the lower limb _____ ______ _______

Answer 40

INGUINAL POPLITEAL ANTERIOR TIBIAL

Question 41

Deep inguinal lymph nodes These are about ____ in number, and are located on the (medial or lateral?) side of the (upper or lower ?) part of the ____ vein in the femoral triangle. • The most proximal node of the group (gland of _____ or ______ ) is located in the femoral canal. These nodes receive afferents from: • (a) the _____ nodes, • (b)_______ nodes, • (c)__________, and • (d)________ of the lower limb accompanying femoral vessels.

Answer 41

4 to 5 Medial Upper femoral Cloquet or Rosenmuller superficial inguinal; popliteal; glans of penis/clitoris; deep lymphatics

Question 42

Their efferent vessels from the deep inguinal lymph nodes drain into the ______ nodes after piercing the ______, which shuts the _____

Answer 42

external iliac femoral septum femoral ring.

Question 43

Popliteal lymph nodes The popliteal lymph nodes (about _____ in number) are embedded in the ________ near the _______ of the ______ vein; The popliteal nodes receive afferents from: a) the land of _______ vein b) deep parts of the ___, running along the ____________ vessels, and the ____ joint.

Answer 43

3 to 6 popliteal pad of fat conclusion of the small saphenous small saphenous leg; anterior and posterior tibial ; knee

Question 44

3 nodes are located between the popliteal artery and the oblique popliteal ligament. T/F

Answer 44

F | 1

Question 45

The efferents from the popliteal nodes run along the ____ and _____ vessels to terminate into the _______ nodes.

Answer 45

popliteal and femoral deep inguinal

Question 46

The popliteal lymph nodes are exceptional, meaning they are the only ______, which ___________________

Answer 46

deep nodes receive both the superficial and deep lymph vessels.

Question 47

Anterior tibial lymph node The anterior tibial lymph node is seen along the (upper or lower?) part of _____ artery. When present, it gets the afferents from the _____ compartment of the leg, and its efferents enter the ______ nodes.

Answer 47

Upper anterior tibial anterior popliteal

Question 48

The anterior tibial lymph node is an inconstant node T/F

Answer 48

T

Question 49

The testicles follow a different lymphatic route and drain directly to the ______ nodes and therefore will rarely cause inguinal lymph node enlargement.

Answer 49

para aortic

Question 50

Elephantiasis: The lymph vessels of the lower limb in many cases are _____, especially in the endemic regions, by the _____ parasites (_________). This causes enormous edema of the lower limb creating a clinical condition named elephantiasis. In this illness, there’s hypertrophy of the ______ and _____ to an uncommon percentage.

Answer 50

obstructed microfilarial Wuchereria bancrofti skin and subcutaneous tissue