Knee Joint Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

THE KNEE JOINT

•primarily a _____ type of synovial joint

hinge

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largest joint in body Is???

Knee joint

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Knee joint

Articulation -____,_____ and _____

femur

tibia and patella

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Knee joint

Femur articulates with tibia=———- joint

Femur articulates with patella=_________ joint

tibiofemoral

patellofemoral

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Articulating bones of the knee joint

•Femur:
______________(medial and lateral)

•Tibia:
____________(medial and lateral tibial plateaus)

______ bears most of weight

Enlarged femoral condyles

Enlarged tibial condyles

Tibia

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Plateaus are _____ for ______

receptacles

femoral condyles

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Articulating bones of the knee joint

Patella
_______ type of bone
Imbedded in ______________ tendon

Sesamoid

quadriceps and patellar

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Sesamoid bone means

floating bone

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Patella Serves as a pulley in improving ________, resulting in greater mechanical advantage in ________

angle of pulling

knee extension

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Fibula is Not part of knee joint

T/F

Fibula is Not part of knee joint

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Fibula Does not articulate with patella but articulates with femur

T/F

Fibula Does not articulate with femur or patella

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The medial and lateral tibial plateaus are (smooth or rough?) (superior or Inferior?) surfaces of the ___ with which the medial and lateral femoral condyles articulates

Rough

Inferior

tibia

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The knee joint is strong mechanically

T/F

relatively weak mechanically

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Stability of the knee joint

depends on:
Ligaments connecting _____ and ___ bones
Strength and action of surrounding muscles and tendons
Most important in stabilizing the knee joint are the ________ muscles

femur and tibia

quadriceps femoris

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In the quadriceps femoris, the (Inferior or superior?) fibers of _______ and _____ are particularly important in stabilizing knee joint

Inferior

vastus medialis and lateralis

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The articular capsule invest the knee joint

T/F

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The fibrous capsule of the knee joint is deficient on the _________ to allow for the passage of the tendon of the _______ muscle to attach to the _____

lateral condyle

popliteus

tibia

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The _____ and _____ serve as a capsule for the knee joint anteriorly

patella and patellar ligament

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Synovial membrane of knee joint

Is (limited or extensive?) and lines the (internal or external?) aspect of the fibrous capsule
Attaches to the periphery of the _____ and the edges of the _____

Extensive

Internal

patella

menisci

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Ligaments of the knee joint

Are grouped into 2:
__________ ligaments
_________ ligaments

Extracapsular

Intra-articular

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The fibrous capsule of knee joint is strengthened by 5 extracapsular ligaments

_______ ligament
________ ligament
________ ligament
_________ ligament
_________ ligament

Patellar

Fibular collateral

Tibial collateral

Oblique popliteal

Arcuate popliteal

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The patellar ligament

Weak or Strong?
(Thin or thick?)
(fibrous or serous?) band

Strong

Thick

Fibrous

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The patellar ligament

Proximal or Distal?) part of ____ tendon ((anterior or posterior?) ligament of knee joint

Distal

quadriceps

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Patellar ligament

Passes from apex and adjoining margins of patella to ______
Blends with _______ and ________

tibial tuberosity

medial and lateral patellar retinacula

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medial and lateral patellar retinacula- Aponeurotic expansions of ______ and _____ and overlying (superficial or deep?) fascia

vastus medialis and lateraliS Deep

Patellar Retinacula supports articular capsule of knee (medially or laterally?)

Laterally

Fibular collateral ligament | Strong or weak? (rounded or flat?) ____like

Strong Rounded Cord

Fibular collateral ligament Extends inferiorly from ______ of ____ to ____ of ____

lateral epicondyle; femur head of fibula

Tendon of popliteus passes (superficial or deep?) to fibular collateral ligament

Deep

Tendon of popliteus Separates fibular collateral ligament from _______

lateral meniscus

Tendon of __________ is split into two parts by lateral collateral ligament

biceps femoris

Tibial collateral ligament | Weak or Strong? (Round or flat?)?band Extends from ______ of _____ to ____ and (superior or inferior?) part of ___

Strong Flat medial epicondyle of femur medial condyle; superior

Tibial collateral ligament At its ____ it is firmly attached to the _______

midpoint medial meniscus

Which is weaker and more often damaged Tibial or fibular collateral ligament

Compared with fibular collateral ligament, tibial collateral ligament is weaker and more often damaged

____ collateral ligament and ____ meniscus are often torn during contact sports

Tibial medial

Oblique popliteal ligament Expansion of tendon of _____ that strengthens fibrous capsule (anteriorly or posteriorly?) Arises posterior to _______ Attaches to _____ part of (anterior or posterior ?) aspect of fibrous capsule

semimembranosus posteriorly medial tibial condyle central Posterior

The arcuate popliteal ligament ``` Strengthens fibrous capsule (anteriorly or posteriorly?) Arises from (anterior or posterior?) aspect of ______ Passes (superior or inferior?) (Medially or laterally?) over tendon of _____ and spreads over posterior surface of knee joint ```

Posteriorly Posterior fibular head Superior Medially popliteus

Intra-articular ligaments of the knee joint These are ligaments within knee joint There are 3: ______ ligaments _________ ligaments Tendon of _____ muscle

Cruciate Menisci popliteus

Cruciate ligaments ( ______ and _____ ) Menisci (____ and _____)

anterior and posterior medial and lateral

The cruciate ligaments Located in _____ part of joint (within or outside ?) articular capsule of joint The fibers ——— _____ like letter ___ joining _____ and ____

centre Within crisscross obliquely; X femur and tibia

Anterior cruciate ligaments Arises from ________ area of ____ just posterior to attachment of ______ Attaches to _______ of _____

anterior intercondylar tibia medial meniscus lateral condyle of femur

Which is weaker ACL or PCL

ACL

ACL Has a relatively GOOD blood supply T/F

F Has a relatively poor blood supply

ACL ____ when knee is flexed and ___ when fully extended Prevents (anterior or posterior?) displacement of femur on tibia and hyper_______ of knee joint

Slack taut Posterior extension

When knee is flexed at a right angle, _____ cannot be pulled ____riorly because it is held by ACL

tibia ante

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Arises from ______ area of _____ Attaches to ______ of the ____

posterior intercondylar tibia medial condyle; femur

PCL becomes ____ during flexion of knee joint

taut

PCL Prevents (anterior or posterior?) displacement of femur on tibia or (anterior or posterior?) displacement of tibia on femur Also helps prevent hyper____ of knee joint

anterior Posterior flexion

In weight bearing flexed knee, _____ is main stabilizing factor for femur (eg ______)

PCL walking downhill

The menisci Are _______ shaped plates of ______ on articular surface of _____

crescentic fibrocartilage tibia

The menisci Deepens articular surface of tibia and acts like ________

shock absorbers

The menisci Thicker at (internal or external?) margins where they attach to ________ of knee joint Ends are firmly attached to _________ of ____

external fibrous capsule intercondylar area of tibia

The coronary ligaments attach margins of ______ to ____ The transverse ligament joins ______ of _____

menisci tibial condyles anterior edges ; menisci

The transverse ligaments allows the menisci ________ during _______

move together during knee movements

The medial meniscus Is ___ shaped Broader (anteriorly or posteriorly?) than (anteriorly or posteriorly?) Anterior end attaches to _______ of ______, (anterior or posterior?) to attachment of ACL

C posteriorly anteriorly anterior intercondylar area of tibia Anterior

The medial meniscus Posterior end attaches to ______ of ______ (anterior or posterior?) to attachment of PCL

posterior intercondylar area of tibia Anterior

The medial meniscus firmly adheres to __________ ligament

tibial collateral

The lateral meniscus Almost _______ shaped

circular

Which is larger and which is more freely mobile Medial meniscus, lateral meniscus

medial meniscus is larger Lateral meniscus is more freely movable

________ separates lateral meniscus from fibular collateral ligament

Tendon of popliteus

The posterior meniscofemoral ligament- Strong tendinous slip Joins lateral meniscus to _______ and ______

PCL and medial femoral condyle

Patello-femoral Joint Articulation of ______ and ____

patella and femur

Posterior surface of patella is covered with (thin or thick?) _______ cartilage

Thick hyaline

Patella slides within trochlear groove T/F

Functions of Patello-femoral Joint (1) Increases angle of pull of ______ muscle on _____, (improves or degrades ?) the ratio of motive:resistive torque by ____% (2) Centralizes ______ of quadriceps into a ————— (3) Some protection of (anterior or posterior?) aspect of knee

quadriceps; tibia Improves; 50 divergent tension single line of action Anterior

When the knee is fully _____ with the leg and foot __________, the knee locks Because of (medial or lateral?) rotation of the femur on the tibia In this position, the thigh and leg muscles can ____ without making the knee joint too unstable To unlock the knee the ______ contracts rotating the femur (Medially or laterally?) so that (flexion or extension?) of the knee can occur

extended on the ground Medial relax popliteus Laterally Flexion

Flexion and extension and some rotation (when knee is _____) (Flexion or extension?) - hamstrings (Flexion or Extension?) - quadriceps Medial rotation- ____,______,______ Lateral rotation- _______ Neither will occur unless knee is flexed _____ degrees or (< or >?)

flexed Flexion Extension popliteus, semitendinosus and *semimembranosus biceps femoris 20-30 >

Blood supply of knee joint Genicular branches of : ______ artery _____ artery Anterior and posterior ____ branches of the _______ artery Anterior and posterior branches of ________ areteries The _____ genicular branches of the ____ artery penetrates the fibrous capsule of the knee joint and supplies the Cruciate ligaments Synovial membrane Peripheral margins of the menisci

Femoral Popliteal recurrent; anterior tibial recurrent circumflex fibular middle popliteal

INNERVATION of knee joint Branches of: _______ nerve ______ nerve ______ nerve _______ nerve

Obturator Femoral Tibial Common fibular

Bursar around the knee joint About _____ bursae Subcutaneous bursae – ——— and ——— bursae are present at the convex surface of the joint allowing the skin to be able to move freely during movements of the knee

10-12 prepatellar and infrapatellar

Many bursae are around knee joint T/F

4 bursae communicate with the synovial cavity of the knee joint- ______,_____,_____,____ bursa

suprapatellar, popliteus, anserine and gastrocnemius

The _____ bursa is especially important because an infection of this bursa will spread to the knee cavity

suprapatellar

Ligament sprains (occurs when foot is _______________)

fixed to the ground

Knee replacement (total knee replacement arthroplasty – ____ and _____ components cemented to the ends of the bones

plastic and metal

Arthroscopy of the knee joint- allows ____ of the ____ of the joint cavity

visualization interior

Bursitis in the knee region- prepatellar bursitis- caused by friction between ______ and _____ lead to a condition known as _________

skin and patella housemaids knee

Patellofemoral syndrome ????

Check online

Knee deformities- osteoarthritis accelerates the degenerative wear and tear of the ______

menisci

Genu varum and genu valgum result in deviation of the _____ from the midline

tibia

Genu varum- tibia diverted (medially or laterally ?) Genu valgum- tibia diverted (medially or laterally ?)

medially laterally

Knee Joint Flashcards

(81 cards)