B1

Question 1

What are the 7 characteristics of living organisms

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

What does M mean in MRS GREN

Answer 2

as an action by an organism causing a change of position or place

Question 3

What does the 2 Rs mean in MRS GREN

Answer 3

Respiration and Reproduction

Respiration
the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy

Reproduction
the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Question 4

What does the S mean in Mrs GRen

Answer 4

Sensitivity
the ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment

Question 4

What does the G mean in MRS GREN

Answer 4

Growth
Permenant Change in size

Question 5

What does the E mean in MRS GREN

Answer 5

Excretement
The removal from organisms of toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements

Question 6

What does the N mean in MRS GREN

Answer 6

Nutrition
taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

Question 7

What is a cell

Answer 7

Smallest unit of life

Question 9

What are all living organisms made from?

Answer 9

Cells

Question 10

Structure of animal cells

Answer 10

There’s a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

Question 11

Structure of plant cells

Answer 11

Permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, and cell wall

Question 12

Function of nucleus

Answer 12

contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell

Question 13

Function of cell membrane

Answer 13

controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 14

function of cytoplasm

Answer 14

most chemical processes take place here

Question 15

Functions of a cell wall

Answer 15

supports the cell and prevents it from bursting when the cell is full of water (turgid)

Question 16

Functions of chloroplats

Answer 16

Contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Question 17

functions of a vacuole

Answer 17

filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

Question 18

Differences in structures between typical animal and plant cells

Answer 18

plant cells always have a cell wall made of cellulose, plant cells have chloroplasts, and plant cells have a permenant vacuole filled with cell sap

Question 19

What structures of cells can be seen under a light microscope

Answer 19

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplasts, and cell wal

Question 20

What structures of the cell can’t be seen under a light microscope

Answer 20

Ribosomes and mitochondria

Question 21

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 21

produce proteins

Question 22

What is the function of mitochondira

Answer 22

o generate the energy, powerhouse of the cell

Question 23

EXamples of speciallised cells

Answer 23

cilliated, sperm, root hair, palisade mesophyl, and red blood cells

Question 24

What is the function of a cilliated cell, where is it in the body, and what are its adaptaions

Answer 24

lines the trachea, contained cilia hair-like structure which waft mucus and trapped dust particles out of the respiratory system. Also it has lots of mitochondria to support this action

Question 25

What is the function of a sperm cell, where is it in the body, and what are its adaptaions

Answer 25

are tiny cells produced by males, they're meant to feartilise, and an adaptation is that it has a tail which allows it swim, and many mitochondria to provide energy for the journey

Question 26

What is the function of a root hair cell, where is it in the body, and what are the adaptations

Answer 26

Its purpose is to absorb water and nutrients it's adaptation is their long projections that maximising water absorption from the soil because of the large surface area.

Question 27

What is the function and adaptation of red blood cells

Answer 27

transport oxygen, it has concave shape which maximises surface area also it has no nucleus to maximise space

Question 28

How to find magnification of objects

Answer 28

Magnefication=Drawing size (mm) divided by actual size (mm)

Question 29

What causes a concentration gradient

Answer 29

A difference in concentration of a specific particle.

Question 30

How does diffusion occur

Answer 30

The random motion of particles which move it down the concentration gradien

Question 31

Defintion of diffusion

Answer 31

the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement.

Question 32

What factors affect diffusion

Answer 32

surface area, temperature, concentration gradients and diffusion distance.

Question 33

How does surface areea affect diffusion

Answer 33

the more surface area there's the faster diffusion as more particles are exposed to surroundings

Question 34

How does temperature affect diffusion

Answer 34

Higher temperature leads to faster diffusion this is because it increases kinetic energy leading to particles to move faster to areas of low concerntration

Question 35

How does concentration gradient affect diffusion

Answer 35

Greater concentration gradient leads to faster diffusion, as this means there's a greater difference in concentrations leading to a stronger driving force for diffusion

Question 36

How does diffusion distance affect diffusion

Answer 36

Shorter diffusion distance leads to faster diffusion as there's a Lesser distance for particles to travel.

Question 37

What is needed in order for substances to pass across surfaces I

Answer 37

Distances that particles need to travel must be small a thin cell membrance Surfaces must be moist for gases to dissolve Transport system should maintain a concentration gradient Large surface area

Question 38

How do cells move in and out of cell membranes

Answer 38

diffusion

Question 39

What is osmosis

Answer 39

the net movement of water molecules from a region of their higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of their lower water potential (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 40

EXamples of high water potential

Answer 40

soil outside with water

Question 41

examples of low water potential

Answer 41

amount of water in plant which contains other solutes

Question 42

What happens when a plant cell is covered in a solution of high concentration

Answer 42

water leaves cell thus Plant cells shrink and become plasmolyzed Cell wall remains intact

Question 43

What happens when a plant cell is covered in a solution of low concentration

Answer 43

Plant cells swell and become turgid Turgor pressure increases Cell wall expands, but not broken

Question 44

What is the important of water potential and osmosis foruptake of water for plants

Answer 44

Helps maintain: Turgor pressure Cell shape Plant growth and development

Question 45

cells What ha

Question 46

What happens when animal cells are immered in pure water

Answer 46

As they have no cell wall they burst